When will the Fed shift focus to the job market?

This being the oil shock from the war in the Middle East,

“fed chair Jay Powell on what we do and don't know about the economy.”

From American Public Media, this is Marketplace. [MUSIC PLAYING] In Denver, I'm Amy Scott. In for Kai Rizdal, it's Wednesday, March 18th, good to have you with us. Today, the Fed surprised no one by keeping its benchmark interest rate steady at a target range

of three and a half to three and three quarters percent. Also, no surprise, the shadow cast over the proceedings by the US is really war in the Middle East.

In his second to last scheduled press conference as Fed shared,

Jerome Powell said economic growth is strong. Unemployment is still low. Inflation is still higher than the Fed would like as one time hits from tariffs

“continue to work their way through the economy.”

And he said, it's too soon to know how the recent spike in oil prices will play out. And whether the Fed will need to respond. And if you look at total inflation, sort of total core inflation, it's about three percent. And some big chunk of that between a half and three quarters is actually

tariffs, so we're looking for progress on that.

The question of whether we look through the energy inflation doesn't really arise until we

have kind of check that box. The Fed has two primary goals, stable prices and maximum employment. So Powell talked about the difficult balancing act between keeping interest rates high enough to tamp down inflation without hurting the job market. We are balancing these two goals in a situation where the risks to the labor market or to the

downside, which would call for lower rates and the risks to inflation or to the upside. We should call for higher rates or not cutting anyway. So we're in a difficult situation and we feel like we're, our framework calls on us to balance the risks. More on that balancing act coming up in the show.

Powell also addressed questions about his future while his term as Fed chair ends in May. Republican Senator Tom Tillis has said he will block confirmation of Powell's successor, Kevin Worsh, until the Justice Department ends what Tillis calls a week and frivolous criminal investigation into Powell's handling of renovations of the Fed headquarters. Powell says if a successor is not confirmed by the end of his term, he would serve as chair

pro-tem as for whether he stays on his Fed governor after that, which he can do until the end of 2028.

“I have not made that decision yet, and I will make that decision based on what I think is best”

for the institution and for the people we serve. So we stay tuned. Wall Street today, not like in what it's seeing, we'll have the details when we do the numbers. As promised, more now, on that rock and a hard place, the Fed is stuck between, lately we've been hearing a lot about the stable prices part of its dual mandate,

because they're not very stable right now. Consumer price inflation was still hovering above the Fed's target of 2% even before the latest oil shock from the war on Iran, but what about maximum employment? Well, achieving that could also be a challenge for the Fed, with a job market that's lately been slowing down, or maybe even stalling out.

Marketplaces Mitchell Hartman has that part of the story. Let's start with how is the labor market doing? Here's Joe Brosuelas, a consulting firm RSM. For some time, it's been clear the market has weakened. Over the last 12 months, the economy added 156,000 jobs.

Over the previous year, it added more than a million, but the job market has stabilized quite a bit

recently, says Christine Cooper at Coastar Group. You know, we had some job losses in February, we had job gains in January, some losses in December, and seemed to kind of offset each other. Cooper says that with the Trump administration cutting immigration and baby boomers retiring, slower job growth might not be such a big problem.

As we have fewer people in labor supply and need fewer jobs to be added in each month. But with little net job growth, John Lear at polling firm Morning Consult says, "You continue to see people not being able to find jobs once they were laid off." Driving a sharp uptick in long-term unemployment. And workers are starting to fall behind financially, says Laura Olrich at JobSight Indeed.

Given the stagnant C we've seen across many sectors in the labor market, it's not surprising

The wages employers are posting for new hires on Indeed are up just 2.1% from this time last year.

“Consumer prices are up to 0.4% and this brings us back to that dual mandate we started off with.”

Job Resueless at RSM says the Fed can't attack both ends of it at the same time. Given the oil and energy shock which is shaping up to be the largest since the 1970s. The Federal Reserve is going to find itself in tension between price stability and maximum

sustainable employment. He says getting control over inflation will be the first order of business

for the Fed before it does anything to stimulate the labor market however much it might be struggling. Price stability is a precondition of maximum sustainable employment. Because without price stability employers won't feel confident enough in the economy going forward or have the financial resources to ramp up hiring again. I'm Mitchell Hartman for Marketplace.

“One new data point the Fed would have weighed today was the producer price index out this morning”

from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The PPI measures inflation at the wholesale level.

Tracking prices producers receive for goods and services. Overall those prices were up

7/10% in February from the month before. Mostly due to increases in service prices. Again, this was before the war added new pressure on prices. On the good side, one kind of product stood out, vegetables up almost 49%, Marketplace's Carla Havier has more. Vegetable prices can be quite volatile, says Jobalagthus at Perdue. Months a month moved on the order of 20% to 30% or more are not unusual.

That's one reason why he says it's difficult to explain why Veggie wholesale prices jumped.

“Maybe big winter storms sweeping through the southeast had something to do with it.”

That affected tomato productions, weak corn production. Labor shortages could have driven up costs for producers too. Says Chris Barrett at Cornell. Foreign foreign populations in the United States, especially those who are undocumented workers, are under a little bit of pressure and that creates a lot of pressure for growers to be able to recruit adequate skilled workers. Barrett says that the U.S. imports a lot of vegetables,

especially in February. And that lets domestic producers ask for a little more because the competing suppliers are having a tariff added on to their prices. Whatever the reason, higher producer prices don't necessarily mean consumers will see higher prices immediately. In my kind of micro-politan rural area of Pennsylvania, I haven't been seeing big increases at the grocery store. That's Amelia Finare, a dietitian and food economist at

Allegheny College. She says producer prices are generally more volatile than consumer ones. Final retailers and wholesalers, they really do try to buffer. They're not going to change prices at the grocery store unless they kind of know that the increase to their own cost is kind of permanent or long term. Though she says there are a lot of things that could lead to continued increases from further impacts of tariff labor and other factors to the war in Iran.

Because of the increase price of diesel, which Finare points out vegetable farmers need to drive their tractors. I'm Karla Havier from Marketplace. Got to have some protein to go with those vegetables and seafood is another product getting

more expensive. Unprocessed shellfish was up more than 10 percent from a year ago in the February

PPI prepared frozen fish more than 12 percent. Most of the seafood we eat in the United States is imported and some of the biggest suppliers including China and India have seen some of the highest tariffs from the Trump administration in the past year. Though the Supreme Court struck down tariffs put in place under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, others remain in place. Daniel Akerman checked in with some suppliers gathered in Boston this week for the country's

Suppliers from around the world dull out samples of fresh sashimi, crispy fish sticks and

“seaweed salad. It's sweet and it's a lot of spicy and it's a compliment to meat or heavier stuff.”

Camille Zoo runs a seaweed company on the coast of Shandong Province in Northern China. She began selling to the US just last year. She says it's been hard with all the trade tensions and tariffs but she's confident in her product. People are starting to accept seaweed as a source of nutrition and they're looking for a healthy diet and with the popularity of, you know, Japanese cuisine. So yeah, it's getting pretty big for us. Other Chinese seafood sellers were

less upbeat. John Long Long's company processes squid and scallops also in Shandong Province. He says buyers in the US provided almost all his revenue. 90% of our products will be exported to America. But Wong says his customers, including US retailers, walked away when tariffs

“soared in the middle of last year. In maybe a dry august, our company just stopped. Stop, yes.”

It's a huge difficult for us. He's since been able to restart production, finding some buyers in Canada, but sales are still way down. I heard similar stories from sellers based in India, which is the biggest supplier of shrimp to the US. They say they lost around half their business and that loss of supply is one reason the cost of shrimp has risen by more than 50 cents a pound. It says on Hill Rubio an economist with Expana. In the business shrimp, we are the highest

price of at least five years to the consumer. Rubio says domestic producers simply can't meet demand. Shrimp is the most consumed seafood in the US. There are more like land-based farms here in the US that are coming up but they wouldn't be able to replace the volume from overseas. Meanwhile,

“many of those overseas producers have their fingers crossed for an easier year ahead.”

John Long-Wang, the squid and scallop producer in China, has his hopes pinned on one particular event. I know that a Donald Trump will, which is China, next month. Wang says a one-on-one meeting between Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping could ease tensions and stabilize the seafood trade, but as of this week, that summit has been delayed with no makeup data announced. In Boston, I'm Daniel Ackerman from Marketplace.

Coming up, so the volunteer drove to the hotel and now they're at the truckie cheese. Sounds like

a blast, but first let's do the numbers. Dow Jones industrial average lost 768 points,

one in 610%. To close at 46,225. The Nasdaq dropped 327 points about one and a half percent to finish at 22,152 and the S&P 500 gave up 91 points, one and 410%. To end at 66-24. We just heard from Daniel Ackerman about the status of seafood imports and from Carla Javier about the rising price of vegetables. While Cisco Corporation, a leading distributor of both seafood and produce, sank 2 in 1/10%. Dol PLC, per veir of veggies and fruit dipped 1.5%

lamb, Western Holdings specializes in potato products, they count as a vegetable right,

lamb, Western added 2 and a third percent you're listening to Marketplace.

This is Marketplace, I'm Amy Scott. What has three digits ranging from around 300 to 850 and controls so much of what we can and cannot do in our economic lives? If you guys credit score your right and that score can affect more than just whether you can get a loan or a credit card and how much interest you'll have to pay, Claire Brown is a climate reporter for the New York Times where she wrote about how credit history can impact homeowners insurance costs.

Claire, thanks for being here. Thank you so much for having me. You start your piece looking at two women living in the same neighborhood in Minnesota but paying really different premiums for insurance. Can you tell me about them? Yeah, these two women lived in the exact same house. They were just a few blocks apart. They were the same layout. They were built at the same time. They're both purchased in December. But when they went to get their home insurance,

which you have to do when you buy a house, they paid wildly different rates. One paid $1,272

other than that they have very different credit scores. Why would a credit score affect your

insurance premium? How does the industry defend this practice? The industry says that a credit history is highly predictive of whether or not someone will make future claims. So they're not saying, you know, this person's home is at risk. But they're saying, we expect this person will cost money in the future. And it's not just happening in Minnesota, right? This is legal in most states. It's happening almost everywhere. A handful of states, including California and Massachusetts,

have banned it. But in many cases, this insurance pricing gap means that people with worse insurance scores, which are not poor scores. They're more like a fair. If you look at the credit rating

category, are paying up to double on average as people with excellent credit. So there's an

interactive tool in the piece where you can look at different states. I looked at two where I've lived Maryland and Colorado. In Maryland, it's not legal to use credit scores in setting insurance premiums. And it's quite a bit more affordable. That's probably not the only reason,

“but it's pretty striking. What do premiums look like in states where this practice is banned?”

You know, there's a really, really interesting case out of Washington State where it was banned for a few months in the pandemic. And you can see in the data for the same homeowners, people with low credit sort of paying less and people with excellent credit sort of paying more. And there's a

graph in our piece that shows the lines kind of convergent for just a few months. And then the

band was overturned in court and they go back to sort of the disparity that we've been reporting on here. But it's really striking data to just see the rates converge when a state banned the scores and then they go back to where they were as soon as that band is overturned. As I mentioned, you're a climate reporter. How does climate risk play into all of this? Homeowners who live in areas that are more likely to be impacted by climate disasters are already paying higher premiums?

What about those with poorer credit scores? It seems like there is a compounding effect. So if you have a poor credit score and you live in the path of a hurricane, you are paying more per unit of disaster risk, which is an economist way of just saying you're paying a lot more than a excellent credit neighbor for that disaster risk. So what that means is just really, really high rates. I did some unrelated reporting in New Orleans last year and people were getting home insurance

quotes of $20,000 or more. So it's really, really impacting people who live in vulnerable areas. Yeah, and there's even what you call a disaster credits loop where if you are affected by a disaster,

“your credit score tends to go down and making insurance even more expensive?”

Yeah, research has shown that in areas that are struck by a disaster scores to go down, that makes intuitive sense, right? Like people lose income, people get behind other payments and their credit scores tend to suffer. What happens then is that they go to renew their insurance and all of a sudden their credit score has gone down in the insurance company that can then raise rates based on that new information? As we talked about there are a lot of

reasons that insurance is getting more expensive, but what do you think this means for the next generation of homeowners and their ability to buy, you know, given that so many are saddled with student loan and other debt that could impact their credit scores? I think it's one other factor that makes it very hard to get ahead if you're not already ahead and makes it very expensive to

“you know, live a life of home ownership if that's what you aspire to. I mean, the fact that you”

pay twice as much in some states just to have fair credit was really, really striking to me. And as you say, makes things especially difficult for a new generation of homeowners for people who are trying to build credit and get on that ladder. Claire Brown had the story at the New York Times. Thank you so much. Thank you. We talked on the show yesterday about how cost can be a barrier to receiving medical care,

but money isn't the only obstacle for many Americans. In a survey of reproductive aged women from Kaiser Health, a lack of child care was the most common reason for missing or delaying treatment. All week we've been bringing you my economy stories about health care. This latest installment looks at a network of volunteers filling the child care gap. My name is Salka Knebo,

I've never seen emergency childcare where somebody just shows up at your front door and helps you

“with new questions asked. This idea just doesn't exist anywhere across the United States. And I think”

as a single mom of three young children, I really struggled. There were some weekends where I just cried, I cried in my closet, I cried in the car, just desperate for help, even five hours of respite relief. And I think that's really where the ideas started coming from. It would have been just what I needed to kind of recharge and have the energy to just keep going.

We get calls for very different reasons. You know, it could be parents or in the ER and just

have absolutely no resources to access childcare. Or it could be the mom is she needs child care. She just moved into a local area because of a job. She has to go to work and they're living in a hotel right now. So the volunteer drove to the hotel and now they're at the trucky cheese. So all the crisis calls vary, but we want to help anyone who calls us and just needs help. We started in 2024, right after we started purking holiday and we kind of hit the ground running.

In really big natural disasters, childcare is in schools shut down. And it leaves parents and

families with no options for childcare during those weeks and maybe even months. Exactly what occurred during Hurricane Hullain and the LA wildfires. So within 24 hours we probably got 300 registrations. I was probably holding two to three trainings per day to try to onboard as many volunteers as possible to get them out as soon as possible to help families. We're volunteer based and we're very grassroots. We don't have

“a lot of expenses and that's what's making us successful right now. But we are in North Carolina”

in California and we want to scale every year to a new state and with just me alone it's not possible. I was hoping in 2025 we would have at least been able to hire a program officer. We need a team of 25 people to do what I'm doing. We do. It's so much work and I also I mean I have another job. So I'm raising money. I'm writing grants and we are trying to find an earned revenue mechanism. A lot of hospitals contact us because their patients are going to surgery and they don't have

child care and hospitals don't provide child care so they want to outsource it. So we're hoping that maybe through kind of contracts with hospitals we can find a way to earn some revenue.

“Where will we be in 10 years? I hope we're like the red cross. Honestly I mean I want to be”

that successful. I think it's going to take more than 10 years but that is my vision that is that's where I want to be. Silka Caneval, founder and CEO of National Emergency Child Care Network and Durham North Carolina. We want to hear about what's going on in your economy. Hit us up. Marketplace.org/myaconemy. This final note on the way out today, Poly Market, the online platform where users can

bet on all kinds of global events from Fed rate cuts to the Oscars announced it's opening up bar in Washington, D.C. called The Situation Room. Here's how the company described it on x. Imagine a sports bar but just for situation monitoring live x feeds, flight radar, Bloomberg terminals, and Poly Market screens only in D.C. Our media production team includes Brian Allison, John Fokie, Montana Johnson, Drew Jostad, Gary O'Keefe, and Charlton Thorpe. Alex Simpson is

the manager of media production. I'm Amy Scott, we will see you tomorrow. This is APN. Maybe you've had this thought before. What if I turn this hobby into a side hustle?

I'm Marie-Machrez, and this week on this is uncomfortable, the pressure to monetize what we love. Can we turn our passion into a paycheck without killing the joy? Listen to this is uncomfortable wherever you get your podcasts.