Could You Live on Another Planet? & Why Vet Bills Are So High

of living in space may sound like science fiction, but it's actually closer and more complicated

than you think.

“Here's the thing, like if we're talking about truly living in space, like, you know, moving”

to another place to live, it assumes that human reproduction is possible, and we actually don't know if that's the case. Plus, is squeezing that last little bit of toothpaste out of the tube, actually worth it, and what's being done about the high cost of veterinary care, and it is high. Veterinary costs are double US inflation, you know, it's simple supply and demand, so

you don't have enough veterinarians, and you have a lot more pets, so that's kind of the biggest reason for price increases. All this today, on something you should know.

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“Something you should know, fascinating intel, the world's top experts, and practical advice”

you can use in your life today. Something you should know is with my curothers. Say, if you're in a bad mood, that could be good news. I'm my curothers, that's what we're going to start with today on this episode of something you should know.

So having a bad day may not be all bad. Research suggests that a mildly negative mood can push your brain into a more careful, detailed, focused mode. People in that state have been found to be less gullible, more skeptical, better at spotting errors, and sometimes more persuasive in written arguments than people who are in an upbeat

mood. The idea is that when you feel good, you rely more on mental shortcuts. When you feel a little down, you process information more systematically. Now that does not mean that being miserable is better overall, or that depression is somehow helpful.

It just means that for certain tasks, like fact-checking, editing, evaluating claims, or making careful judgments, a slightly grumpy mood may actually help. And that is something you should know. Living in space. It may sound like science fiction, or something for astronauts, or the movies.

But living in space is already happening. People are living on the international space station right now, and plans to send humans back to the moon, and eventually to Mars, are well underway. The real question isn't, can we get there, it's what happens to us when we do, because the human body was built for this planet.

Gravity, sunlight, even the bacteria around us, all shape who we are and how we function. Take that away, and problems emerge. So what would it really mean to live in space long-term? Not just survive, but actually live there.

“Well, that's what we're going to discuss with Scott Solomon.”

He's a professor at Rice University, and host of the podcast Wild World with Scott Solomon. And he's author of a book called "Becoming Martian," how living in space will change our bodies and minds. Hey, Scott, welcome to something you should know.

Well, thanks so much for having me on. So, I think most people know that there are astronauts living on the space station. There are people living in space and have been for some time. But I think it's maybe more surprising to know that there are companies and people really working on the future of this of people living in space.

So who's working on that? They include commercial space companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin, but also governmental space agencies like NASA. I mean, the current Artemis program that is attempting to return us to the moon has the long-term goal of getting to Mars and establishing a presence there.

The idea of being on the moon is basically like a way to practice and learn for how we could

eventually go and live on Mars. So once it became clear to me that this was something that was actually in the works,

know about what would happen if those efforts are successful?

And what's driving these efforts is it just, you know, because it's there or because there's some reason to think we'll run out of room here or why would one consider living on the moon? It seems a lot nicer here. All right, some see it as just a great adventure.

But then there's people that see the possibility for profit, right, for, you know, mining asteroids and making money back home. But to me, the most compelling reason that I've encountered and one that really resonates with me is the idea that eventually, if we don't leave Earth, we will probably become extinct. I mean, if you just look at the history of our planet and the history of life on Earth, you

know, I'm an evolutionary biologist.

“So I think about life on these long time scales and we know that there have been major catastrophes”

that have happened throughout the history of life on Earth, the most recent major disaster

being the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs and about 75 percent of other species

at the time, you know, which was 66 million years ago. Eventually, something like that is going to happen again. We may or may not have the ability to, you know, see it coming and to take action to prevent it. So the idea there is that if we, if we don't expand into space, if we keep all our eggs

and one planetary baskets, how to speak, you know, eventually our time will come. Well, but the future is here now in the sense that people do live in space on the space station and people go up into rocket ships and so I mean, it does have people are in space and we've all heard of stories of problems people have had, health problems and what not. I don't know the details of that, but it is an all future where there is some practical

application to this.

Yeah, you're absolutely right.

I mean, people have been living on space stations since the 1970s and the international space station, the ISS has been continuously occupied since the year 2000.

“So for the entire 21st century so far, somebody has been off earth, right?”

So, you know, we are at that point where we don't all live on earth. Now, nobody has so far lived their entire lives out in space, the record for the longest continuous time in space is 437 days. So a little over a year. Yeah, we are regularly sending people out into space and we are, you know, about to send

people deeper into space than anybody has ever gone. The Artemis II mission, which is set to launch next month, is going to take a crew of four astronauts around the moon and they will actually be traveling farther from earth than any humans have ever gone. And again, the long-term goal is to return to the moon and then to Mars.

But, yeah, I mean, we are at that point where people are spending longer and longer in space. They're going deeper and deeper into space. And as you said, there are some known issues that happen, right? Some known things that happen to our bodies.

“And I think it's important that we understand what is going to happen to people as we spend”

more and more time in space. And what are the concerns? What do we know enough about to think, well, gee, we better take a closer look at this? Yeah, there's a whole bunch of things. So, you know, anybody that goes to space can expect a few things to happen.

One is that, like, usually people get motion sick. There's the an adjustment period kind of like when you are on a boat for a lot of folks. Like me, I tend to get seasick, you know, and everybody probably gets space sick. People usually get over that in a couple of days at the most. But then other things start to happen.

So one of the things that happens immediately is that your body fluids start to be redistributed. So normally here on earth with the gravity pushing down on us, you have more fluid in your lower body than in your upper body. But that starts to change as soon as you go into a microgravity environment. And what the body experiences then is that it feels like there's too much fluid in your

head. And so astronauts, if you look at pictures of them, especially soon after they've gotten to space, their faces look kind of puffy. And their legs actually look kind of kind of skinny. So astronauts call this space face and chicken legs.

And that's just the fluids being redistributed. But that can actually have some long term negative consequences. So having excess fluid in the head actually puts more pressure on the eye. And astronauts that have spent a long amount of time in space like a year, they have often had vision deterioration.

And so that is thought to be linked to those fluid shifts.

We don't know what would happen if they're there for even longer because again, the record

is just a little over a year.

“Also long duration space flight comes with muscle atrophy.”

So again, not having to work against gravity. We don't think about gravity pushing down on us and us fighting against it when we're on earth. But we are. And so our muscles, for example, in our legs, in our back, they are helping to hold us up.

And when you don't have to do that anymore, those muscles start to weaken. And so astronauts have to do two hours of exercise every single day that they're in space, just to kind of minimize the amount of muscle atrophy that happens. But it still happens. And then interestingly, the bones in our body respond to muscle.

So when the muscles aren't working as hard, the bones respond by actually giving up some of the materials, the minerals like calcium and phosphorus that give our bones strength.

Those minerals start to be basically removed from the bone.

And so it causes the bones to weaken and become more brittle. So astronauts lose bone density at a rate of about one and a half percent to two percent per month that they're in space. And so if you're in space for multiple years, as would be necessary, for example, if you go to Mars, that could really be a long, re-adjustment to coming back to Earth.

And it might be quite dangerous. When you watch science fiction like Star Wars or Star Trek, and they're on the enterprise, they're in the space station, they're just walking around as if they have been able to create gravity on a spaceship. But when you see videos of the space station, those guys are floating around.

They're not walking. Is there been any progress towards creating gravity, say, on a spaceship, or even on another planet that doesn't have much gravity? Or is it just science fiction? Well, that's a great question.

So I mean, yeah, a lot of science fiction depictions of being in space do kind of take liberties. When it comes to things like gravity. So the idea that you're going to be flying around between planets and walking around your spacecraft, as if you were walking on Earth, that's pretty unrealistic. We have not yet developed technologies that allow us to have artificial gravity.

I mean, there's concepts out there.

You could have a giant rotating, like a centrifuge, basically, on a spacecraft.

That's an idea that has been explored in science fiction, but we're nowhere near actually having that kind of technology in real life. So yeah, the ability to go between planets, it's going to be hard because you will be exposed to microgravity to weightlessness the entire time. It takes like six to nine months to get to Mars.

So an astronaut that is traveling from Earth to Mars is going to be having those issues.

“So in a moment, I want to ask you, how do you make a baby in space?”

And if you do make a baby in space, what would happen to that baby if it came having been born in outer space would come back to Earth, what would happen there? Of the Regency era, you might know it as the time when Bridget and takes place. For the time when Jane Austen wrote her books, the Regency era was also an explosive time of social change, sex scandals, and maybe the worst king in British history.

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I'm speaking with Scott Solomon, he is a professor at Rice University and author of the book Becoming Martian, how living in space will change our bodies and minds. So if we truly live in space, Scott, then at some point you're going to want to make a baby, and if you make a baby, the space make that particularly difficult without gravity, how does the sperm get to the egg?

I don't understand any of that, and then what about that baby?

“Yeah, so here's the thing, like if we're talking about truly living in space, like, you”

know, moving to another place to live, right? If you're talking about having a city on the moon or Mars and that's where people live and raise their families, it assumes that human reproduction is possible.

There has been surprisingly little, or at least I was surprised by how little research has been done on reproductive biology in space. There have been some studies using animals, those include fish, some amphibians, some insects, and also some rodents, like rats. And the thing is, those studies are kind of inconclusive, partly just because there haven't

been enough of them. But there have been some studies that kind of seem to suggest that reproduction might work okay. So one of the first was a study on some Japanese rice fish called Medaka, and those fish went through the whole process of fertilization, embryo development, hatching of the eggs,

and the fish were swimming around, apparently just fine. But of course, fish reproductive biology is pretty different from ours. And so it's unclear how generalized that conclusion is. And in fact, some of the studies looking at rats were much more concerning.

So the bottom line is that we don't really know whether we can have kids in the conditions

of space.

“And then we don't even know what would happen next, right?”

And even if you can go from fertilization all the way through to a healthy birth, what happens to a child who's born into a lower gravity environment. There's also a lot more radiation in space, not only out in a space station, but also even on the surface of the moon or Mars. There's much more radiation exposure there than what we have on Earth.

And so we don't really know what would happen to a child's growing body in that lower gravity higher radiation environment. Because everything that we know about how space affects the body has been done on healthy adults. I think there's reason to believe that it would be very hard for a child born on, say, Mars,

to come back to Earth because it's quite likely, in my opinion, that they would not form a skeleton that would be strong enough to be able to tolerate coming back to Earth where gravity is three times stronger than it is on Mars. Well, then there's the whole weight issue. Like if you're conceived and born in space, how much would you weigh in space?

And then if you came back to Earth, you would have to multiply that by three. That's exactly right.

“So Mars has one-third the gravity of Earth, it's a smaller planet and that's why.”

So if you were I traveled from Earth to Mars, we would weigh only one-third as much

as we do on Earth. So that might seem nice. But the reverse is going to be tough because coming from Mars to Earth, you're going to weigh three times as much. So for a child born on Mars, and maybe grows up that entire time in that one-third G

environment, when they come to Earth, they will weigh three times as much. And that would be a real problem possibly for anybody, but especially if you also have a weakened skeleton. There have been reports of William Shattner talked about this of the kind of the psychological effects of being in space, and I don't really understand that.

I mean, it's is it different than you thought it was going to be, and it's so unbelievably

“different and awesome that it just messes with your head?”

Or what's the psychological part of this? Almost everyone that has gone to space describes kind of being profoundly moved by the experience of looking out and seeing Earth from the outside and seeing how beautiful it is and also seeing how small Earth is in the vastness of space. This has been given a name, so a philosopher named Frank White coined the term the Overview

Effect to describe what people have said they have experienced when they've had the opportunity to be in space.

And they kind of basically fall into different categories.

So he's done all these interviews with going back to the very first astronauts and cosmonauts, and that has continued up until recently, so what they describe sometimes is really about noticing that when you look at the Earth, there's no lines, right? It's not like we're used to seeing maps of the Earth where there's lines separating countries, and obviously we know that those lines aren't real, but something about the

experience of actually looking at the planet with your eyes and seeing that there's nothing separating one nation from the next. Apparently just really reinforces the idea that we are all one, right? We humanity are all occupying the same planet and those divisions that we draw are artificial.

all humanity.

“It would seem one of the drawbacks of living in space on another planet.”

If you went to live on the moon or on Mars, you would have to be in a space suit pretty much all the time, and that doesn't seem like that would be fun.

Well, we can talk about the moon first, so we've all seen the videos of the Apollo astronauts

moving around on the moon. They do the kind of hop thing, right, where they're kind of bouncing around. That's because the moon has one sixth the gravity of Earth, and so that would be true whether you're on the surface in a space suit, like we have seen for astronauts, or if you're like inside of an enclosure where you could potentially if it's a pressurized enclosure

has an atmosphere you can breathe. You wouldn't need a space suit, but you'd still be in that one sixth gravity. We don't really have a way of altering that. So yeah, the way that you move would be different. I like to think about sports would be super cool and interesting, if you're in that lower

gravity environment, but you're right, like if you go outside, you need a space suit.

On the moon, there's basically no atmosphere, and so there's certainly no air to breathe,

but not only that, because there's no atmosphere, there's no pressure, and if you were out of your space suit, basically, like your body fluids would boil off. I mean, it would be a quick and terrible death. So you need a space suit that has both a pressure, internal pressure that allows your body to remain intact, but also provides you a life support system.

So giving you oxygen to breathe, removing carbon dioxide, controlling temperature, which is another thing that varies wildly on the surface of the moon. The same basic principles are true on Mars, Mars has the advantage that it has a little bit of an atmosphere, and so it's still nothing that we could breathe, but there's a little bit higher pressure.

You still would need to be in a pressure suit, though. What about the whole idea of germs, microbes, things that, you know, on Earth, they are part of our, they're in our guts, they're on our skin, them.

“And what happens when you live in space in those microbes, aren't around?”

Here's the thing. Anybody that goes to Mars is going to be taking some microbial life with them. We have a microbiome, right? All these bacteria and other organisms that are in and on our bodies. So it's not like we won't bring any of those with us to Mars, but what we bring is

going to be a tiny fraction of what lives here on Earth. So what does that mean? It means that a child born on Mars, as they're growing and developing, their immune system is not going to encounter the vast majority of microbes that kids here on Earth are exposed to when they're young.

If that child on Mars then came back to Earth. I think that is very likely that they would be very sick. I think that those microbes that are generally not harmful to you and me would be really

dangerous to a person that had never been exposed to them.

We are creatures of this world, of this planet we evolved here and we're really well-suited to living here, but moving beyond our home planet comes with a variety of challenges like

“those that I think we need to really learn more about before we start actually loading”

up any rockets and sending people out there. Well, somehow the idea of space travel doesn't sound as much fun as it did before. And it's so unknown. It's amazing what we don't know about what living in space could actually do to the human body.

I've been speaking with Scott Solomon, he's a professor at Rice University. He hosts a podcast called Wild World with Scott Solomon and he's author of a book called Becoming Martian, how living in space will change our bodies and minds and there's a link to his book at Amazon in the show notes. And Scott, thank you for explaining all this.

Well, thanks so much Mike. I'd love to have an conversation with you about this topic. Hey, it's Hillary Frank from the Longest Shortest Time, an award-winning podcast about parenthood and reproductive health. We talk about things like sex ed, birth control, pregnancy, bodily autonomy, and of course,

kids of all ages. But you don't have to be a parent to listen. If you like surprising, funny, poignant stories about human relationships and, you know, periods, the longest shortest time is for you. Find us in any podcast app or at Longest ShortestTime.com.

This segment is sponsored by Dutch Pet Inc.

your pet isn't feeling well. You want to get good veterinary care, but sometimes getting it isn't easy. Appointments can take time to schedule. Clinics can be far away and the cost can add up quickly.

In fact, many pets never see a veterinary and regularly because of the cost or access.

At the same time, and I didn't know this, but there's actually a shortage of veterinarians in the US, which makes getting care even harder for many pet owners. So what are the options if your pet needs help and getting to the vet isn't simple?

“And what are some of the other trends in pet care you should know?”

Well, that's what we're going to talk about today with Joe Spectre. He is founder and CEO of Dutch Pet Inc. Dutch is a telehealth service for pets, meaning your dog or cat can be seen remotely by a licensed veterinarian. Much like people now visit doctors through telehealth.

Hi, Joe. Welcome to something you should know. Thank you. I'm so excited to be here.

So I think when people hear about telemedicine for pets for the first time, it sounds a little strange.

“So I'm wondering, what are the things people do use it for and don't use it for?”

You know, most people are not going to go to telemedicine if they're cats bleeding. So we don't get those types of urgent care ER type of issues. But we do get a lot of calls on nights and weekends when the vet is closed. And those tend to be things that people may often put off like an infection ear infection, because also not just the vet's closed, but their next best option is urgent care,

which can be quite expensive. And with Dutch, the membership is plus than 100 bucks for a year. And so that cost makes it much more affordable for people to jump on Dutch.com, be able to see of that right away and get their issue assessed.

I mentioned in the intro, and I was unaware of this before, that a great deal of pets never

see a vet or don't see a vet for a very, very long time. And that's got to be a big concern. So 50% of Dutch customers haven't been to a vet in several years. So we see a lot more pets getting veterinary care for the first time, which is one of the biggest reasons I started this business. And it's so emotionally and personally satisfying to see. But we, like I said, we see a lot more pets getting care for the first time. In our data,

we've now had almost a million telemedicine visits. We just see a huge population that basically doesn't go to the vet and doesn't get vaccines on a regular basis. And it's a combination of affordability and friction because there's no easy vet for them to access to in the first place where they live. Well, let's talk about affordability for a second because my sense is that veterinary care has gotten more expensive faster in the last few years. Is that just my

perception or is that reality? It's 100% reality veterinary costs are double US inflation,

“which has already been running high, but veterinary costs are running even higher than that. Why?”

There's not a simple answer. The main thing I want to make clear, it's not because the vets are trying to stick it to the customers. All vets are doing this because they love pets. But there are some inherent built-in infrastructure, basic economics 101 that's leading to pricing increases. For example, some of the biggest ones, it's simple supply and demand. On the supply side, we've had an influx of pets during the pandemic and those pets are continuing to age and

as you age veterinary care gets more expensive. And the supply of vets actually has decreased vets tend to be predominantly female and they can't work traditional hours because they're often responsible for child rearing. And there are not enough veterinary schools. In fact, the main trade association is in an antitrust lawsuit for blocking more schools from launching.

the biggest reason for pricing increases. See, I never knew that I thought there were plenty of

“veterinarians and I'm surprised to hear that most of them are women. I mean, I know a lot of them are”

women, but I always thought it was more of a male-dominated profession. No, it's definitely changed quite dramatically to how much especially vets who are under 50. It's vast majority, our female. And then in terms of veterinarians, just to give you an example in human health care, the ratio of medical professionals to Americans is something like one

and one to twenty. And in pet care, the ratio of veterinarians to pets is about one to two thousand.

The one to two thousand versus one to twenty, it's significantly different, significantly worse. What are some of the common things veterinarians see that they wish pet owners new or pet owners to care of? They could help avoid problems, that just every day

“stuff. I think there's lots of kind of boring things like making sure you're getting”

flea into prevention and getting dental care. Those are some common things of just getting basic daily care to make sure that your pet is set up for success in the long run. Definitely healthy weight. And then what we see is people are going to Dr. Google or they're going to chat GPT or they're going on Reddit or they're going on Facebook to lead for someone to help them with a medical issue. And that is prone for lots of

mistakes. And that's where telemedicine comes in because you're able to speak with an actual human veterinarian who actually knows what she's talking about. And is the advice changed at all about feeding a pet? Like, you know, some people feed their dog once a day, some people feed it twice a day, some people feed food from the supermarket, other people get fancy prescription food. What's your

sense? Nutrition. I have found is the third rail with politics. It is very charged, polarized and

it has to do with people's ability to what they can afford to what fits into their lifestyle. But, you know, on the one extreme end, you have raw food diets. And people want to treat their dogs like they were, you know, back in the day originally. And there's lots of vets who think that's quite a bad idea. And then you have things like, um, kibble versus fresh food. There's a lot of things when it comes to that care that it's called the gold standard.

“Which is, you know, what is the best thing we can do for our pets? But often the gold standard is”

not realistic when it comes to public health in terms of what people can actually do in terms of what's what they're able to do for their lifestyle. And so I think we have to think of health care not as like what's the best, what's the gold standard. But what's the best that a pet on our can do for their pet given that pet owner's circumstances? So how did a Dutch come to be? How did that a minute? Certainly seems like you're filling a niche that needs filling. But what was the

light bulb moment for you? It came from a personal experience. I was just coming off of being a co-founder of him's and hers, a very successful human telemedicine company that I started and helped take public. And I got my own dog. I have a family with three kids. We got the classic pandemic puppy. And as I started to get veterinary care, I was shocked to realize a size of the veterinary bill and be looking around, realizing there's not really a him's type of option when it comes to

pet care. There were lots of companies doing advice. But there were very few companies that had a full 360 solution that took you from talking to a veterinarian who can actually prescribe medication and have a be delivered to your door. Nobody was doing that. And so I started a Dutch.

at a iPad screen about what's wrong with this dog or cat? There's a lot, you know, one of the stats we

“have now fifth year into our business is that we're able to address 90% of the issues from what's”

presented on our platform. And so of course, no one's going to come to Dutch when their dog is bleeding or unresponsive or has a broken leg. But there's a couple of big areas. One of them is Durham. And this is a big area in human telemedicine as well. So when there's a rash, there's a lot of things that you can show and see and take a photo of that just like in human telemedicine,

you would do here in pet care. Another one is behavior issues, behavior and anxiety.

It's actually quite common in dogs and telemedicine potentially is an even better way to deal with

“it because the dog is in the comfort of their home. So they're in their natural environment.”

And behavior is something that needs quite consistent check-ins, which would be pretty unaffordable for most people to do that. And with our annual membership, which includes unlimited visits for your pet, you're able to take care of that anxious pet and have those consistent check-ins at a significantly more affordable rate. So you got Durham, you have behavior, you have things like flea and tick, which every animal arguably should be on a flea and tick

medication. And that's another one that you can easily do through a video chat in a series of

“photos, videos and questions in addition to the video call. And then the other thing is we also offer”

actually a number of overnight testing kits. So things like a urine sample, if your dog or cat has a UTI, fecal, your swab, pretty much anything short of a blood sample we're able to run a lab test in order to create diagnosis. So there's a whole host of issues that are fairly common that our vets are able to address through telemedicine. Yeah, well that's great because I know so many people just can't afford it. It can get very expensive to go into a traditional vet and as you

pointed out, it's getting even more expensive. And that's pricing some pet owners completely out of the picture because they just simply they just don't have the money. That's right. And that is incredibly sad and it really doesn't have to be that way. I can imagine situations having been a pet owner for so long. I can imagine situations where I don't know, should I go to the emergency room, should I call a telehealth doctor? Maybe I should just wait till morning and see if things clear up

by themselves. It's tough call. Absolutely. Look, oftentimes first of all, it doesn't have to be an

either/or question with telemedicine or in person. And the beauty of Dutch is that you're able to often get a same day call often, you know, within a matter of hours or minutes. And you're welcome to, you know, wait for hours at the ER. But at the same time, there's nothing that should stop you from going to Dutch.com and getting on a call. And there are so many things that we see that so much better for customers if they talk to a real veterinarian. For me, a personal example,

my corgi was, I thought I was having a seizure and I really freaked out and I recorded him and thought, okay, should I go to urgent care? Again, in my head, I'm thinking, okay, this is going to be over $1,000. And I got on a call with Dutch. I showed what's happening. I explained what's happening. And the right away knew that what was happening is called reverse sneeze. Nothing to worry about. And she showed me additional videos on YouTube of dogs reverse sneezing. It looks like a seizure

I had this huge sigh of relief. And it saved me so much time, so much money. And I'm also a piece

of mind that my dog was okay. And there are so many other instances like that when it comes to the common things we see like an ear infection, eye infection or some sort of a rash. And it's so much better to go to Dutch and talk to a real professional who knows what she's talking about. And then your dog or cat's not suffering overnight while you wait to go see someone in person. And we often see a situation where a rash became worse because the owner decided to wait

“it out. And I think that's the beauty of telemedicine as you can have access to an affordable”

veterinarian at your fingertips without having your pets suffer and without having to wait forever

to get an in-person appointment. So I would think that eye infection or an ear infection would be very difficult to do on telehealth just because you've got, you know, you've got to kind of hold your dog's head so the doctor can see it on the other end. And isn't that tricky? You can take lots of photos as well to and show that to the veterinarian just like you. And again, if you were to bring that dog to a vet oftentimes they're going to use visual cues to examine

the pet. Now, of course, like back to what I mentioned, cold standard of care, could you run

“more tests? Absolutely, but that's not something that a lot of people can't afford, which goes back”

to why they're not, they're waiting it out because they don't want to at least stop with a $200 bill at the end of it all. And so if someone's choosing, okay, do I wait it out and do nothing or do I see if professional can help? And again, there's lots of ways with a video call plus photos and videos that you'll be able to at least get to an initial assessment. And the cool part is, again, the way that it works is 90% of our customers are using their phone. And so the phone

is quite mobile. And so if your dog or cat is moving around, it's quite easy to take a quick video or take a couple photos and show that to the veterinarian. And that should be enough to, like I said, to at least get an initial assessment. Are you the only, is Dutch the only pet to a health company out there? Well, now in our fifth year, we certainly have lots of people who are emulating what we're trying to do, but we are by far the biggest with coverage in the most states.

Well, it certainly seems like an idea whose time has come and tell a health seemed kind of bizarre when it first started for people. And now it's pretty common. And it seems like that's likely where we're headed for with pets. The reason I'm doing this is, it's first, you know, I'm a pet owner. And I want people to be able to have access to affordable pet care. And I know we're doing the

right thing. We've had, like I said, almost a million telemedicine visits and customers who are

often en tiers because their pet is getting care for the first time. And so I know we're doing the right thing. Well, and as somebody who's pates in pretty hefty vet bills and have waited a long time in the waiting room for sometimes pretty simple things, I think it's a great service you're offering. I've been speaking with Joe Specter. He is founder and CEO of Dutch. And if you'd like more information, you can go to the website Dutch.com. And if you become a member, be sure to use our promo code

“to get a substantial discount on your membership. The promo code is SYSK as in something you should know.”

Hey, Joe, thank you. Thanks for coming on. Thank you so much. You ever find yourself struggling to squeeze that very last little bit out of the toothpaste tube or the shampoo bottle? You might feel frugal doing it, but the math suggests it really doesn't matter much. Take toothpaste, for example. You could work really hard at squeezing that one final dab out of the toothpaste tube and it might save you a nickel.

Behaviorally economists say this is a classic example of micro-frogality. We focus on tiny savings

that actually save real money, like switching insurance companies, reducing subscriptions or

avoiding impulse purchases. In other words, squeezing the tube may feel thrifty, but the real

“financial wins come from the bigger decisions. And that is something you should know.”

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wherever your listening apple podcasts, Spotify, castbox, wherever you listen, they allow you to leave a review. At least give us a rating. It really does help us and I would be appreciative.

“Thank you very much. I'm Mike Herrothers, thanks for listening today to something you should know.”

Safe. Medviso Stoyah. Hey, it's Hillary Frank from the Longest Shortest Time and award-winning

podcast about parenthood and reproductive health. There is so much going on right now in the world

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