Inside the training camps for “alpha males”

For about a decade now, we've been talking about toxic masculinity.

“The term gained steam alongside the cultural reckoning of me, too.”

And now it is collided with a new and louder movement, an aspiration to be an alpha male. We see it everywhere, Facebook founder, Mark Zuckerberg, has reinvented himself as a cage fighter and declared that corporate America doesn't have enough masculine energy.

President Trump's inner circle includes men celebrated for their warrior tattoos, their MMA records, and their bench press videos. And influencers with millions of followers are telling men and boys that the problem with society isn't how they treat others. It's that they've been made to feel ashamed of who they are.

My guest today, New Yorker staff writer Charles Bethe, embedded in the new phenomenon of camps and retreats where men go to reclaim their masculinity. He's written a new piece called, "The camps that promise to turn you or your son into an alpha male."

But they found that across the country men are paying big money to crawl through mud, carry logs, and sit in ice baths. Some programs promised to forge modern day warriors with special ops training and rights of passage for teenage boys. But what the they found inside these camps is more complicated than the culture war

framing suggests. Underneath the warrior posturing he writes, "Is genuine pain? Men who are lonely, lost, and desperate?" Charles Bethe, "Welcome to fresh air." Thanks, Tanya. Okay, so before we get into what you found, I actually want to know first,

how you even found out about these camps in the first place? So sometime last year, I was on X, and I stumbled across this guy named Nick Adams, who presented himself as a kind of alpha male guru.

He was telling men to never apologize, to find a woman who is, and I quote here,

"As low maintenance as she is hot, he had a bunch of similar kinds of commandments about this alpha stuff. There were 45 of them, actually." A numerical reference to the 45th president Donald Trump,

“who Adams held up as a study in peak masculinity for the ages. That's how he put it.”

And his ex-account was like this kind of car rack. I couldn't stop looking at. And incredibly, he had like 600,000 followers. He still does. And many of them treated him very seriously as this kind of guru that he seemed to want to be seen as on the topic of alpha masculinity. He'd written a book called Alpha Kings a few years ago, which purported to be a kind of manual, a compendium of his alpha wisdom, so to speak.

Trump had actually penned the forward, or was credited at least with penning the forward to this book, which injected the whole project, obviously, with a kind of rocket fuel and a right word, political trajectory. What did you write in the forward? I mean, it was a little bit redundant, but it was a lot of just sort of back slapping for Adams's, you know, being an alpha male, holding up the values of what it means to be an alpha male,

how alpha males are special and central to this country's history. And he, of course, Trump being Trump, he appreciated Adams's recognition that Trump is the sort of peak alpha male. So it was this kind of back and forth padding on the back of one another. At Trump actually ends up nominating this guy, Nick Adams, who's just post going to ex about, you know, the Hooters restaurant chain and all this kind of craft stuff, he nominated

some first to be the ambassador to Malaysia last year, which fizzled in the Senate,

and then he makes him the special presidential envoy for, and I quote, "American tourism, exceptionalism, and values." And this was just a few weeks ago in early March that that came through.

“I want to play a clip that I think actually captures Nick's belief systems and his ethos in this”

clip. He is on the Will Kane show talking about the alpha male. Let's listen. So just give me the morning for an alpha male. I wake up, I eat a steak, 12 eggs, I'd probably do some whim off, do I? I spath. What do I do to start the day tomorrow? So you want to eat as much steak and as many eggs as possible. I like to begin the day with a 72-ance tumble.

Medium rare is best, maybe a bit bloody, if I'm up to it. Then definitely you are plunging without a shadow of a doubt, you're just getting, and you've got to do it in the birthday suit will. Not in this short, it's got to be birthday suit. Alpha's going in the birthday suit,

Then that's when you start closing the seven figure deals. I'm just working, I'm just walking

“you through the Nick Adams day in the life, right? That's when you start closing those deals.”

Then you've got the Sheila's ringing. That's when you're decline on the calls because business

comes first will. That was Nick Adams on the Will Kane show and Charles, you're talking about how

you encounter him on X and you're just seeing all of these kinds of videos and reading some of his ethos there, which kind of ties health and wellness to virality and success. And I have to say the whole thing that we just heard, it does really veer into parody at times, but it's just not perceived that way by the audience or most of the audience as far as I could gather from the comments. I also should say that I feel slightly uncomfortable hearing him talk

about cold plunging in that way because I also like to cold plunge, but anyway, that is how he speaks.

“And if it was ever parody or ever a put on, that's been forgotten. It's fully embraced and he's”

just run with a bit and lots of people have taken it and run with him. And we know from Louis Therose recent Netflix documentary inside the Manusphere, there are lots of voices adjacent to Nick Adams on the internet, you know, the Andrew Tates, the Justin, and I want to conflate all these people, they're different, some of them are more toxic and troubling than others. The Andrew Tates, the Justin Wallers, the Miron Gaines, is Braden Peters. These are, I wouldn't expect all of these

to be household names, but young men, especially, are probably familiar with them. What's so interesting is, once you start it going down the rabbit hole on X and other social media platforms, you started to get fed these ads. A lot of places turns you down, though, and you said you wanted to visit because there's suspicious of you. But you did get a response from Rise in Virginia, and also the Squire Program and Chino Hills, California, which targets

teenage boys. But first, let's talk about Rise, which stands for? Yeah, Rise stands for ruthless

integrity and simple execution. And not to be confused with a separate man camp called Rise Up Kings, which is much more Christianity coded or biblically coded. And I should say, you know, even it's not just the names that sounds similar with some of these programs, they often have the word warrior in them. But in fact, a lot of the people who've worked at these camps have gone from one to another, and there's a lot of cross-pollination. I actually want to play a clip from one of

their promotional videos from a few years ago, and the men that you're about to hear from, I want to set the scene for folks. They're blindfolded. They're riding in a van through central Virginia, and the founder of Rise, Brendan King, he's narrating. Let's listen. When a man reaches the end of himself, there's no other direction. There's no other path. There's no other way around. We have to rise.

This path will not be easy. This path is not for many men. This is a path you choose to rise. Be the better man for your family. That was a clip from a promotional video for Rise, which was developed by Brendan King. He's a former marine and mental health and substance abuse professional. And Charles, the video

“looks like a boot camp kind of. You actually got to visit it. What was it like?”

Yeah, so Rise was both predictable to me in some ways and surprising, quite surprising, and others.

On the predictable side, it was a lot of its marketing, which of course I first encountered before

the visit, the website had a picture of a man's mud-flect face alongside the all-caps wording, build courage, earn certainty, become elite. The image, the font, the whole presentation suggested to me something very boot campy. And when I learned that Brendan King was a former marine, that made some sense. I began talking before visiting to some former participants, and they were kind of cagey. They didn't want to tell me too much about this three-day quote-unquote live event

that was the culmination of the experience prior to the live event. The guys texted with each other and would Brendan King, and he would give them prompts. He would ask them to talk about ways that they'd failed in their life and stuff. And to try to kind of open them up to some of the core issues that he would then deal with in a more dramatic way in the woods of central Virginia.

ten guys had been tossed into it wearing blindfolds. The stereo in the van was turned up loudly, and it was this mishmash of Jordan Peterson lectures and Marine Corps drills and loud sounds, and it was all very disorienting. According to King, it was supposed to put some distance between where they'd come from, and where they were going. It also sounds a lot like fraternity

hazing. Yeah, and so I found myself wanting to kind of put it this program particular the first

one I visited rise into a box immediately. I was like, okay, so this is a military boot camp,

“or no, this is fraternity hazing. And at every turn, Brendan King would, I think kind of cleverly”

to give him some credit, make it more complicated than that. But at the beginning, it was almost, I was almost rolling my eyes, watching these guys get tossed into a van like a scene from old school. You know? But Brendan King, I already knew enough about him in our previous phone calls, prior to my visit. He uses phrases like holding space, which is a much more modern, therapeutic kind of term than you'd expect to come out of a former Marine's mouth. So I was ready

for him to complicate things a bit. He himself is such an interesting person. He has been very open

about his own troubles. He attempted suicide as a teenager. He has talked about his first marriage

being ruined by actually chasing this alpha male ideal. And so now he's charging men,

“upwards of $3,000 for this camp experience. How does he describe what he's offering?”

Yeah, so here again kind of the headline for what he's offering sounds a lot like what some of these more I would argue toxic programs are offering, which is they describe it as the opportunity for men to on F their lives. And so what does that mean? I mean that means different things depending on who's running the program. But for King, it means the men show up. And let me describe them then, if I can, these guys. Yes. There were about 10 of them. They came from a variety of

backgrounds. I expected them to be all white. There was a little diversity in the group. There were IT guys. There were sales guys. There were blue collar workers. There was an unemployed man. He'd had to, I think, borrow or even get a gift of $3,000 from one of the other attendees to enable to afford to attend. So these were not guys who were all, you know, Silicon Valley types by any means. So this man, I'll describe James is this guy. He's in his 50s. He's unemployed.

He's an army veteran who's served tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. If I recall correctly,

he's on his second marriage. And he's incredibly lonely. So lonely that he told me this,

he would go to Walmart, late at night, buy himself, not to buy anything. But just to feel proximity to other human beings, just to be close to people. And that was just incredibly sad, hard to hear.

“But a really effective, I think, encapsulation of this guy's mental state as he seeks out a”

program that's, he hopes is going to make him into a stronger, more fulfilled and capable man. You heard a lot of men who essentially opened up about some of the realities of their lives, the things that they were holding. I mean, in a disparaging way, a lot of these guys might be thought of as insell or insell a Jason. I mean, in that short for involuntarily, sell a bit, there's just kind of these men who may not feel like they have risen to what society says a real man should be.

I think that's right. Kind of maybe older versions of something in sell adjacent. But men who had just gotten to a point in their lives where they found all sorts of blocks and their relationships and their professional life, they felt isolated and they needed help getting out. But they're not, like, many men, not inclined to go to therapy, didn't think that therapy was for them. And so they instead start typing into Google, late at night, like James told me he did,

you know, words like lonely and anxious and afraid and maybe beta even, the opposite of Alpha. And so up turn all of these camps and James ultimately decided to click on rise. So there he is. He's in the woods of Virginia. He takes off his blindfold with the rest of the guys and they begin what King calls the beat down phase. The beat down begins about an hour into it.

crawling up a steep gravel driveway. And it's very hot. It looks hard. I'm in pretty good shape.

It looks like I would probably struggle with it too. And these guys are grumbling their pissed. And James starts to mouth off midway through. And so King stops the group and he begins to,

“I think, pretty methodically and with some skill in choir. And he starts with James into their issues.”

And so he says to James, this unemployed guy from Arizona, you know, like, why aren't you having sex with your wife? That's within a 10 15 seconds. He goes straight into it. And front of the rest of the guys, he doesn't say why are you having sex. He uses a more crude word than that. But that's essentially what he starts to focus on. And James starts to cry. And front of all these men, he's just met.

And he's confessing that he has erectile dysfunction and it's silent. And then a few of the other

guys start to essentially say, oh, yeah, I've had some issues in the bedroom too, or whatever. King softens his tone and says, you know, I used to as well. That was the problem I had in my 20s. And James's problem's not solved by this, obviously. But he's shared it. And others have seen

“him share it, his pain. They've acknowledged it. Some of the mythic confessed. And it was, it was”

frankly a moving thing to witness. And so I was kind of open from that point on to this whole project being a little bit more complicated. And maybe maybe beneficial than I had suspected. There are other programs also for kids. And you feature one program called the Squire Program.

And their website says that, and I'm quoting directly, the opposition is on a mission to

weaken masculine societies and turn them into soft-confused, feminized betas. What does this kind of offering look like for children? Yeah. So this program Squire in what you just read in elsewhere. It takes a much more politicized stance. The founder, Pedro Sculian, is this Armenian immigrant now in his 50s who's kind of describes having lived the American dream. He'd grown up poor in a communist country. He'd had a father who was a physical disciplinarian, but was very broke minded,

was how Pedro has put it to me. And Pedro has had made millions of dollars through this fit body boot camp franchise written a book called Man Up. And he had all these followers on X and elsewhere, millions. And he certainly know Andrew Tate. He's a warmer guy. He calls himself a pop-abair, but he does traffic in some toxic stuff. And so, so I show up early one morning just north of L.A. and Chino Hills. And I see about a dozen fathers and sons inside Culeans Jim and there,

they're kind of stretching. The boys look a little, some of them look a little like hostages, little nervous, some of them look maybe a little bit more like they were down for whatever this

“was going to be. And I spend about 12 hours with them, they each paid, I think, around a thousand”

dollars, maybe a little less to be there for this day. So they're, they're ready for what they think are going to be a number of physical challenges. And they sit down, they do introductions in this room attached to the gym. And I hear the fathers who brought their sons, it was certainly the fathers who made the choice to be there. Say something that was, I think, you know, like just something anybody can agree with, like they wanted to do better for their sons than had been done

for them by their fathers. And that was a theme I heard a lot through both camps was like a lot of men and young men who didn't have active or positive fatherly role models. Betros, the founder of Squire, he also has outlined the characteristics of a man using this book from 2012 called The Way of Men, which you later discovered that the author of that book is a far right white supremacist who has argued that women shouldn't have the right to vote.

Did Betros know that? I guess the most charitable way to view that is that Betros just didn't do his homework. But I suspect that he knew enough about this guy, Jack Donovan, who wrote the book The Way of Men that outlines these courage, bravery, mastery, these things that supposedly define what a man is. He should have could have known that this guy also didn't just dabble, but puts out there, like a pretty straightforwardly white supremacist and misogynistic view.

And it was weird because Betros and our conversations while he leaned into showvenistic sort of ideas, like he was not saying, you know, anything about, you know, the society should be

author who, if anyone who's listening to him does a little bit gets curious and does a little more

digging, they'll discover this book, these other books read them, and probably be a little confused if not fully radicalized. So it seems sloppy at best. My guest today is New Yorker staff writer Charles Bethé. We'll continue our conversation after a short break. I'm Tonya Mosley, and this is fresh air. I noticed it as a mom of a 13-year-old boy that there's a lot of emphasis in the culture right now around being fit, being strong,

appearance, and the appearance of strength and leadership, and the ways that you're talking

“about in the physicality, just like doing hard stuff. I think I'm really curious to know,”

especially what you found in your reporting, where does the origin of this come from?

Because from my view, this has always been the case for what is considered an ideal male,

what is the height of masculinity? Where did that message ultimately get lost along the way? And then where did it pick up steam again, where someone of your generation would be finding this as an epiphany versus something that's already embedded into what you understand about your self as a man? There's an interesting history of what you could call hypermasculinity that the alpha male phenomenon fits into, and I talked with a former professor at Stony Brook in Michael

Kimmel is written books about masculinity, who helped walk me through this. But there's this recurring

“history of hypermasculinity, and it's always a predictable response to the perceived threats of”

feminization, which kind of ab and flow on their own. So, for example, in the late 19th, early 20th century, as women begin to enter the workforce in greater numbers, men are told to take what's

called the West cure, basically it's a prescription to the cowboy lifestyle. So, Teddy Roosevelt,

a young Teddy Roosevelt, goes ranching and hunting in the Dakotas to quote unquote cure is anxiety and exhaustion after the death of his wife and mother. He goes on famously, of course, to be president, but also to found the boon and crocky club to advocate playing rough and tumble sports. After this, you get the boy scouts, you get the 4-H club, you get the knights of pithias and the odd fellows, all these fraternities that were really popular in the late 19th,

the early 20th century, which was actually known, I learned, as the golden age of fraternalism, but the pendulum swings back the other way. So, after the great depression, a few world wars, American society takes to nurturing men again because they've been damaged by war, and society is more encouraging of this kind of sedate, suburban, backyard, cookout lifestyle. Then you get a few decades later, you get calibration, feminism, more workplace equality, the pendulum swings

back. And so, you get the publishing of a book in 1990 called Iron John by this writer poet, Robert Bly, who's advocating a return to a deep masculinity through wilderness retreats. Stuff that actually kind of resembles some of what rise and other programs are doing, and Bly, he idealizes what he calls the mythopoetic man, and this gives way a few years later to

“alpha male, which I think is a slightly simpler set of words than the mythopoetic man, but”

alpha male. Yeah, that term comes from this primatologist, who was studying chimpanzees, but how was his research kind of distorted? He argued that it was distorted before his death. Yeah, so this guy Franz DeWalt was his name in the late 70s, early 80s. He's this Dutch primatologist who is studying male chimps in a zoo in the Netherlands, and he needs a word or a term to describe the male chimps that he sees, who are not necessarily the largest,

but they're especially good at keeping the peace, at consoling other chimps in need. And he settles on the term alpha male, and that's the term he uses in this book he publishes in 1982 called chimpanzee politics. Newt Gengrich, as the story goes, according to DeWalt, this seems to be the sequence of events. Gengrich, then a Republican congressman in Georgia, gets his hands on the book, seems to like it, passes it around to freshman congressman in the

early 90s. They don't appear to read it very carefully, and alpha male soon comes to mean something much more reductive. This thing we've been talking about in these camps that I went to, as meaning essentially like the best at bullying, a kind of physically dominant male who really

weak. Newt Gengrich is passing this out as kind of a playbook for coalition building, and

then this alpha male description kind of takes a life of it's on online. There's this guy, Aaron Marino, who built one of the earliest and most popular alpha male YouTube channels. I'm bringing him up because what you write about him is really fascinating. What happened to him and what does his story really tell us about what this market actually rewards? Yeah, so Marino is this guy who

“around 2008. He's, I think he's unemployed. He's, he's in a low point in his life. He's in his”

30s, I think, and his wife gives him a camcorder, and he decides to use it to give to other guys or try to give to other guys what he didn't get as a young man, which was kind of fatherly guidance.

Really, just guidance from a mentor, a male mentor in his life. So he starts filming videos and

putting one YouTube. This is the earliest days of YouTube, and he gets really, really popular in his videos. I'd say, I mean, as compared to what we now have with the Andrew Tates, they're almost sweet in their simplicity. He's talking about, you know, in a more appropriate way, how do you improve your sex life? How do you do, you know, shaving tips, dressing tips, just how do you optimize yourself as a man? And he describes alpha male for him, I think pretty generously, as just sort of

the optimal version of yourself. But, you know, years past, he has millions of followers. The pandemic comes around, and they start to retreat. They start to unfollow, and they start to be attracted by

the Andrew Tates, the West Watson, the Andy Elliott, I'm just naming, not because all of them are

super well-known, but because these are the sorts of names that folks who go online looking for alpha males now will find. And these guys describe how they are and how they differ, how extreme perhaps their views are. Yeah, I mean, a disconcerting number of them have spent time in prison. West Watson, for example, is a guy who he goes to prison for a number of years prior to becoming

“an alpha male influencer for battery, for a soul. He gets out. He's currently dealing, I think with”

yet another charge related to a beating that he administered to a guy at a gym. But Watson, he's very, very muscular, tattoos all over his body. He has attractive women in his videos. I don't know what his relationship to them are. He did not respond to a request for comment, but he drives Bugatti's or he has Bugatti's, I should say, in his videos. And these are, these are all supposed to kind of be the symbols of alphaness attained. And he offers his followers, his virtual followers, because

he doesn't have a real-life camp, like Brendan King and Beatrice Kulian. He offers them a mindset, the unbreakable mindset. He calls it. And so, you know, you have guys that they put out these two or three minute YouTube videos. They show their bling. And they tell young men, like, you know, just like stop being soft, soft AF, right? Like get out and try to do hard stuff. And that's kind of the extent of their teachings. It's pretty thin.

It's just sort of a demand that they man up. Yeah. As those types of influencers become more popular, then influencers like Erin Moreno become less popular. But, yeah. Charles, there's kind of like this, if I'm reading your piece right, a profound gap between men who are at the highest power and highest level of their power, either through success or money or politics, performing this physical dominance. And then they're the men you met in these camps who are feeling worthless

and invisible. And they are being very vulnerable in saying that they feel lost. And both groups are kind of operating under the same alpha ideology. And I wonder from you, what does that do to the

“men at the bottom of this movement? The ones genuinely searching for something real?”

Yeah. And let's quickly, if it's okay, remind ourselves, these guys at the bottom has Richard Reeves and other scholars have made clear. They're making less money as a percentage of overall family income than men were four decades ago. They're not as likely to go to college. They're five times likelyer than they were in the 90s to not have any close friends. They're not likely to receive mental health treatment. They're very likely to die by suicide.

These are the guys who are coming across these videos, guys like Watson and Tate. And I think they see them as kind of avatars, the same way that disillusioned, let's say rural white voters in

expect much out of life, but it's kind of nice to have this sort of heroic version of us out there

“sort of like yelling at the things that we don't like. That's one way, I think, to see the possible”

service that these influencers are offering these men. But it falls so far short of anything like the sort of therapy adjacent approach that I saw at at rise. My guest today is New Yorker's staff writer Charles Bethe. We'll continue our conversation after a short break. This is fresh air. There's this tension that I just keep coming back to because it's obvious from your reporting and really the decade or so that we've been talking

about toxic masculinity in kind of this rise of the manosphere. There's real suffering. It's a legitimate

crisis out there, men are falling behind and real and measurable ways. As you mentioned in wages

and education and friendship and mental health overall and there don't seem to be systems in place communal systems like women have where they can express themselves. There's still somewhat of a stigma on therapy which doesn't seem like that is what is being pushed in these spaces. And yet this response that's gaining the most cultural traction isn't any of these things. It's these boot camps and influencers telling men what they need to be more dominant. What has been your ultimate

takeaway? And I wonder if you have changed at all now going through this reporting yourself and seeing all of this firsthand? Yeah, so my mind was swimming to be honest when I came home from

rise after those three days of camping out with these guys and trying to sort out like what was

silly, what was potentially smart, what was surprising, what was predictable. And I had the good fortune of sitting down, actually in the hours immediately after leaving. I went back to Charlottes Phil and I sat down with a new-ish friend who teaches college level anthropology and he mentioned to me an essay by a French anthropologist who's apparently quite famous but I confess I did not know Claude Levi's Strauss and this essay was written in the middle of the 20th century called

the effectiveness of symbols. It's a very difficult essay far beyond my own area of expertise but the very basic point as it pertains to therapeutically adjacent men's development programs. I was how I would describe them like rise. Is that most people need a familiar language to work through their own problems on their own terms? So in the case of King's men, the mud and the bro talk, kind of ease them into the much harder work of engaging with the difficult feelings that we all as

humans have and experience. I thought that was really a really nice way to conceptualize what was happening and it wasn't something that Brendan King or any of these guys had told me with this. It was fortunate that it was the good fortune of talking with an anthropologist who was like oh yeah,

“those are symbols at work here. These guys are working with symbols and that's how”

that's why this works and why this in the right hands can be a useful approach to doing something like therapy. The other thing that I personally came away from this again rise experience which I found to be the more effective of the two that I watched was the words brother and brotherhood get thrown around a lot. I mean these guys that I was talking to prior to visiting camps were constantly referring to me as brother and I'm really mice like come on like we're not brothers here,

we're not bros even like we don't know each other. It feels disingenuous it's false. And after those three days at rise I saw the guys calling each other sometimes brother and I heard King calling and brother and I started to like think about brotherhood as something that while it can be cliched and when it's used the wrong way or disingenuously or too much there is something really important and of course this also applies to women and sisterhood but in the case of men,

brotherhood is really important just to sit with other men as we become adults and we become separate from each other and we have busier lives it's harder to sit down and just listen to the problems that we're all going through bigger small so I left that being like you know what I should promptly work on my own and I I rolled my own eyes as I said it but like I should work on my own

“brotherhood a little bit. I want to play a clip that I think captures something about how this”

performance of masculinity has moved from the internet to the highest levels of American power. In this clip we will hear Pete Hegg said and Robert F. Kennedy Jr doing a workout challenge let's listen.

We had our big big heath body challenge today. Fifty pull ups 100 push ups you try to get

under five minutes. We got close. I was about 25. You were right behind me. We had a couple of the Marines here. One beat three minutes a couple of minutes four minutes for impressive. It was President Trump who inspired us to do this. It isn't the beginning of our tour.

“Challenge Americans get back and shake. You better but also you need to get out of exercise.”

That was Pete Hegg said then Robert F. Kennedy Jr doing an exercise challenge and on the face of it trials I mean it sounds positive. They're preaching good health and working out and yeah all

of that kind of stuff but you kind of describe Trump's cabinet is kind of displaying its

alphaness in a very specific way. Can you say more about that? Yeah so Trump loves to it's just it's so it's becoming increasingly clear even in just recent weeks how he loves to surround himself with people in his in his cabinet and beyond I suppose who are these kind of avatars of alpha males and interestingly they don't have to be men even. You've got Tulsi Gabbard and you have a lindemic man who in their own ways have kind of signed on to this idea that like

manly men and manly male challenges or like or things that we should be doing with our lives. Tulsi Gabbard is interested in green beret tactical challenges I learned but yeah you have you have hegg says quasi pull ups you have Kennedy doing his his blue gene

“shirtless bench pressing all of this is just creating this to many of us I think probably funny but”

for others like this idea of what we should be aspiring to as specifically as as men like these are successful people these are the leaders of our country they are avatars of alpha males and they don't even have to say it right like you get what they're what they're representing just by looking at them and and watching you know cash but tell put his Asians through UFC training as he did very recently it's like the stuff is just it's really

on the nose and it's everywhere increasingly in this political administration unlike any I think we've seen before it. Charles but they thank you so much for your reporting. Thank you. New Yorker staff writer Charles but they coming up book critic Marine Corgan

“reviews a new novel by Tana French the keeper this is fresh air.”

Crime writer Tana French is known for her Dublin murder squad mystery series which included a nearly 500 page standalone novel in 2020 called The Searcher it's about a retired Chicago police detective who moves to Ireland now French has published the last book and a three-part series about the sinister underside of rural Irish life. Our book critic Marine Corgan says that the keeper concludes the series in a grand melancholy style. The keeper is the closer to Tana French's

magnificent series of crime novels set in the west of Ireland and featuring retired Chicago police detective Cal Hooper. I don't ordinarily review novels that conclude a series because the

power of the finale drives from all that's come before but if you're game to read the first two

Cal Hooper books or if you're already a fan know that the keeper solidifies this series status as a contemporary classic. By now after reckoning with local gangs drug dealers and con artists Cal has lost much of his innocence about the quaint village of ordnacelty his adoptive home. He knows that evil confessed her under shamrocks as abundantly as it does on city streets. In this finale however it's not so much the victims of crime who need cows protection

but the land itself. Ordnacelty's pristine beauty is under threat from the machinations of a developer with political connections. French who's already proven herself to be an exquisite nature writer on par with the likes of Norman McLean and Annie Dillard has the chops to render Cal's final rescue mission and epic environmental one. The keeper opens at the local town shop where we're told Cal would expect to get wind of trouble from pregnancy to potato blight

in comes Tommy Moynihan striding into the shop like he's walking into a merger meeting.

“Here's more of that introduction to this hail fellow well met. Tommy is some kind of big shot”

in the meat processing plant over towards Killhone. He's got a farmer's solid bulk, a politician's frozen silver hair, a sea-list cattle barren's ranch house, a range rover, the size of a buffalo and an annual family holiday to Mexico. Cal dislikes Tommy. Tommy's son, a smart me neppo baby named Eugene, is about to propose to a sweet local girl named

Rachel when she goes missing and is later found dead in the river. The guards, the Irish police are

called in but the town conducts its own parallel investigation via rumor into whether Rachel's death is an accident suicide or murder. Meanwhile, Cal learns that large parcels of farmland around

“ordinary Kelty are being bought up, housing estate factories, data centers, who knows what's in store.”

I'll leave the plot summary there except to say that an unexpected but satisfying ways these two major storylines converge. The wonder of French's style is that her novels unfold

almost exclusively through conversations in which she conveys the deeper messages lurking inside

everyday speech. There's a scene early on here that should be taught in MFA programs. Tommy, with Sonny Eugene and Toe, surprises Cal outside his cottage. Tommy wants to hire Cal to investigate Rachel's death. He also tries to finagle an invite into Cal's cottage after all rain is imminent. The tension mounts as with nothing but smiling pleasantries coming out of their mouths. It's clear these two men are telling each other to go to the devil. Given French's

subtle style, any blunt speech is startling. Towards the end of the novel, Cal is riding in the company of March, Lavend, an older man who's been a kind of genius low-key, a spirit of the place throughout this series. Cal is feeling good about temporarily beating back the developer when March urges him to look out the car window. All around them, the stone walls spread out in a pattern as individual and intimate as a fingerprint. The rain has faded, the greens and tawny

goals of the fields have a strange rich glow, like they've been infiltrated by some other self from a memory or a dream. In ten or twenty or thirty years, March says, "That'll be gone." Take a good look while you can, Boyo. That's the last of it. March is telling Cal that their

“fight against the developers is doomed. But what else can they do but keep on fighting?”

The Cal Hooper books, like all great detective series, are about time and loss and the uphill struggle to repair the world. The detectives rarely succeed in any lasting way, but we readers love them because they try. Marine Corrigan teaches literature at Georgetown University she reviewed The Keeper by Tana French. On tomorrow's show, as the world has shifted toward cleaner fuels and away from single-use plastics, the oil and gas industry found a new strategy.

Make more plastic to replace the revenue it's losing. Journalist Beth Gardner exposes that strategy in her new book, Plastic Inc. I hope you can join us. To keep up with what's on the show and get highlights of our interviews, follow us on Instagram at NPR Fresh air. Fresh air is executive producer is Sam Bricker. Our senior producer today is Roberta Sorak. Our technical director and engineer is Audrey Bentham. Our interviews and

reviews are produced and edited by Phyllis Myers and Marie Boldenado, Lauren Princele, Monique Nazareth, Fayette Challenor, Susan Yacundee, Anna Balman and Nico Gonzalez-Wisler. Our digital media producer is Molly C.B. Nesper. Theresa Madden directed today's show. With Terry Gross, I'm Tanya Mosley.