Nuns and Orphans

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“I'm not saying that I forgive her for it, because it's still here and in my body and I remember”

it physically, but at the same time I understand, and I can't say I don't blame her, because she was there, she was doing it because it's her, but at the same time, you know, it's kind

of, is she really fully responsible for this?

Our story takes us down another dark and foggy road, a road involving unethical nuns and orphanages in the French speaking part of Canada, Quebec. They sent me to a room, and that room is where all the kids who were recalcitrant and didn't listen to their sisters were sent, and they were sold, $10 each, to make experiments on them.

I'm Dr. Julia Shaw, and this is Project Mind Control.

“I'm a composer and audio engineer with a particular interest in the preservation of oral histories.”

That's Alyssa, who we also spoke to in the last episode. She works in mixed media, blending theater, film, and technology with music and composition. She has worked for CBC, Canada's Public Broadcaster for many years. You know, when I started work on this project, the thing that actually interested me was course of persuasion.

Course of persuasion is sometimes used as an alternative term for brainwashing. According to the American Psychological Association, it is defined as a controlled program of social influence to bring about substantial changes in behavior and attitude in members of a group. While researching course of persuasion, she stumbled on a piece of Canadian history.

That is little known, even to Canadians like herself. I have questions. I wonder, it does anybody else in Quebec alleged that they were also abused by psychiatry, so I did Google, and boom, upcums did you plus the orphans, and 5,000 of these individuals were falsely diagnosed as mentally deficient and interned in psychiatric hospitals across

the province. This was in the 1950's, and children were reclassified as mentally ill, specifically as idiots and seeniles. This was happening at the same time as Dr. Laman was doing his chemical lobotomies, and Dr. Cameron came up with his theory of psychic driving.

It was a wild time in psychiatry. I was born in Montreal, in the lower mainland close to Main Street. That is L.V. Betron. My father met a young woman from New Brunswick, and she was seeing my father, but she was already married, because her husband has left for the war, so I don't know if that's the

reason. But two days later, they put me in a nursery.

orphans.

“Two-day old Arveye was put in a basket and taken to the crash to Uville, an orphanage”

for abandoned newborns, created and run by the Sirgly, the gray sisters, Catholic nuns.

As far as he knows, his parents walked up to the front door, rang the doorbell, laced little L.V. on the steps, and walked away. L.V. has spent six years with the gray sisters, from 1944 to 1950. In 1950, I was sent to another institution, called Moe Providans. Moe Providans would come to haunt L.V. and many others, in the same way that the Allen Memorial

Institute haunts L.V.

Now, V. is in his 80s now, married with children and grandchildren.

“It was an orphanage back then. We went to school. The only thing I did like, we were always”

praying, the sisters, you know what they're like. We were praying in the morning, between meals, at noon, at dinner, before to go to bed. On top of that, every night, at seven o'clock, they would turn on the radio, like everybody else in Quebec, and listen to the calzina L.V. reciting the rosary, in the name of the Father and of the Son, you know, every single night. This period in Quebec's history is sometimes referred to as the Great Darkness.

It lasted until 1959. It was when Marie's diplomacy was the head of the government of Quebec, the premier, a man known to attend church before work, at 6am, while his bodyguard waited outside. In the process, the Mifianci, known as Ibria, this is from a documentary about him, published by the Shaan du Quebec, a channel dedicated to the political and cultural history of Quebec. He has shown standing in a dark suit, behind a wall of big silver microphones. He uses his right

hand like an angry conductor. He was widely called "Luschef", "French" for the boss. Once in power, Duplici tightened the grip of the Catholic Church over public institutions. The Catholic Church had a dark preoccupation with unwed mothers and their babies, coursing families into placing the children into care, which takes us to the Missouri Court Hospital. The name may sound familiar to you. It's where Lana was when she gave birth,

“and here's what she said to us about it. "I don't even remember what happened to me in the”

Missouri Court except there was run by nuns." "Here's Lana again." "It was the place where pregnant women go and we were not far as they can remember, we were not treated very well by the nuns at all. Not at all." The Missouri Court Hospital was set up in 1853 by the Sisters of Missouri Court, which translates to the Sisters of Mercy, to take care of unwed mothers and their children. In episode two, we told you that there's no mention of the child's name on the birth certificate.

Nothing about who the father is. But it turns out that Lana has run her own investigation and has come to the belief that the child she gave birth to was a boy. Here she is telling us what she believes about her son. "He was in the hospital for three weeks after he was born because of the injections of the dope and everything that they were given me. It went into his

system and he was in the hospital for three weeks." Lana believes that her son was ultimately

placed up for adoption. "It really bothers me that this happened because you know when you have a child and you don't know who he is. It's very, very hard to live with that." The last time we spoke with her, Lana told us that she has managed to find the man

"We know her son was taken. This opens up another question. Is it possible that her son

“spent time in one of the many Catholic-run orphanages in Quebec? Could he have been a duplicy orphan?"”

This clip is from an APTN news documentary titled "Orphans of Church and State." "Do plastic realize that federal subsidies paid $2.25 a day for mental patients versus 70 cents a day for orphans?" He shortly thereafter collaborated with the church to wrongly classify thousands of orphans in the terms of the day as mentally retarded. "It shows duplicy and someone who appears to be a representative of the Catholic Church in Quebec at a public

procession, walking in step and smiling warmly at each other."

As far as I can tell, the decision to turn orphanages into psychiatric facilities was purely

“financial. Let me explain. Canada has a federal government and many provincial ones. They are”

different systems of government each with their own parts of money. Duplicy wanted to secure more money for the orphans from the federal government and at that point they were supplementing provincial funds with money for psychiatric patients. As the APTN documentary claimed, federal subsidies paid $2.25 a day for patients in psychiatric facilities, while they only paid 70 cents a day for orphans. But this decision was like dropping a cluster bomb into the already

brutal Catholic run orphanages, causing physical and psychological carnage. The sisters had meeting in the auditorium. Mother Superior Agilic told all the sisters that starting today there would be no more classes. It was decided no more education for the orphans.

Starting today, there would be bars. Starting today, he was always starting today.

And they said that starting today, the sisters would have different uniforms. Their uniforms would change from black and white to all white, like the nurses uniforms. The orphanage had been reclassified as a psychiatric institution, and the perfectly healthy children were now patients.

“I remember talking to her. She was nice to me. She told me it's not funny what's going to happen”

tomorrow. And I said what? She said they're going to label you mentally ill. You won't be able to do anything. You'll be stuck here for the rest of your days. She took a while to explain all this. At the end, she told the sisters, "If you're not happy with this, the door is right behind you. Maybe eight of them left." The sisters that remained woke up the next day and put on their new nurses' attire.

We have a document signed by Premier DuPlyssi himself, in August of 1954, certifying that those who run the mom of adults' charity, wished to turn the institution into, in quotes, a hospital for the treatment of idiots and senior people, and that they commit to taking in one thousand of these patients. We have Airvay's medical file from that time. It reads,

"Ability, Mentally, Deficient," received on the 17th of March 1955. This means that within seven months of mom of adults making the request, L.V. was officially classed as a child in need of psychiatric care. In the 1950s, while orphanages and Quebec were being turned into asylum, other countries also claimed to save, unwed women and their children.

Probably most famous are the Irish mother and baby homes. The state failed you. The mothers and children in these homes. In the personal testimonies of how many mothers ended up in these institutions.

T-Shock Mehl Martin, making a public apology in a big hall on the half of the state.

“"The priest, the doctor, and the non-lume lounge. The sense of oppression,”

even at this distance, is overwhelming." And in Australia too, there was a widespread system of forced adoption for unmarried mothers. Here is former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, issuing an apology in 2013. She is speaking and friend of a black backdrop looking right into the camera with a solemn expression. "To you, the mothers who were betrayed by a system that gave you no choice and subjected

you to manipulation, mistreatment and malpractice were apologize.

You were given false assurances. You were forced to endure the coercion and brutality of practices that were unethical, dishonest, and in many cases illegal."

“Ostensibly, all of these institutions were run in the name of God, promoting moral reform.”

A social service to help the community deal with its problem of fallen women and wayward girls. But in reality, while there were stolen moments of joy, there was a prevailing air of oppression. These were places of strict discipline, confinement, penance, and often forced labor.

Each a system of cruelty towards unwed mothers and their children.

The same happened in Quebec, and it has since come to light that in these non-run orphanages, physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, or common. [MUSIC] Between 1953 and 1959, Airvase says he was raped repeatedly while at the orphanage. His last rape took place during Easter vigil. He was 15.

Airvase told us that it was so brutal that he required medical attention.

“And that's how he ended up at Saint Jean-Dedieu.”

Saint Jean-Dedieu is a psychiatric hospital, so him being sent there for physical injuries is unusual. Once there, after he recovered, Airvase remembers. They sent me to a room, and that room is where all the kids who were recalcitrant and didn't listen to their sisters were sent, and they were sold $10 each to make experiments on them. [MUSIC]

A friend of mine went there. [MUSIC] They practiced a little bit to me on him, and some others going through their heads, stuff like that. And my friend, his job was to take the stretcher and to carry them to the pig's tie.

The pig's tie was on the sister's line that providence. Today, there's a liquor store there. So I was standing by the window looking at it every day. My friend Silvio, he was going to take the children there. The pathetic day, the day they decided to send me there,

to send me to the butcher. My friend Silvio came to me and said, tomorrow morning. It's your turn. It's your turn tomorrow, to be sent to be experimented on. Irvay also remembers seeing someone receiving electric shocks, an electrical lobotomy.

He tried a new kind of lobotomy. They called it reversible lobotomy. They put a stick in a towel in your mouth and you tie it up and descend an electrical shock in your head. In him, he became crazy.

Or, they could have been, as Irvay believes, part of an experiment.

“Irvay also says that he managed to avoid these experiments,”

because a kind member of the clergy helped to reclassify him as not mentally ill. And because of this, he was discharged into the community. You have a grown-sharse in a grown-style night's armpit. This is Irvay, again, speaking to the producers of orphans of church and state. In the clip, he says that there was a big window at the salt-janted year hospital,

from which he could see the grounds of the hospital and the cemetery. He says that there were two parts to it, one for the sick, and one for the kids, those who were tested on. It was known as the pigsty cemetery due to its proximity to a pig farm, which Irvay says he could also see from the window at salt-janted year.

“This led to rumors that children who were at this psychiatric hospital,”

the children who fell victims to these experiments were buried there. There are also, famously, allegations that children disappeared and were fed to pigs.

Irvay, too, believes this, but it has never been substantiated.

So, were orphans in Quebec being experimented on? Yes. And this isn't something we need to caveat with warnings of shifting memories, because they left a paper trail. And this takes us back to Dr. Cameron. In 1954, there was a report published by the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University, which explains the various kinds of experiments that were happening at the university.

The report was requested by Dr. Youin Cameron, who wanted to secure five more years of funding from one of their main research granting agencies, the Rockefeller Foundation.

It states, "It must be born in mind that the Allen Memorial Institute is the only psychiatric

institute in Canada." And hence, has responsibilities for carrying on an unusually large amount of the mental health research work in this country. The only psychiatric institute. They continue. Research work of the Department of Psychiatry represented so considerable share of the total amount of research carried on in the mental health field in Canada, so as to constitute a national asset.

The report also mentions treatments that we are already familiar with, including research on Largactyl, Dr. Laman's big anti-psychotic drug, and the use of movies and of magnetic tape recorders. Dr. Youin Cameron's psychic driving. "You're a good girl. You're a good girl. You're a good girl. You're a good girl. You're a good girl. You're a good girl. You're a good girl." The report also mentions children.

"Why do a lot?" For one, there was also something called the Mental Hygiene Institute. Mental Hygiene is a term that refers to the pro-active care of mental health and is aimed at preventing the onset of mental illness. It was often used to refer to methods aimed at the wider population, like public health campaigns and educational programs. And between 1949 and 1954, McGill's University Mental Hygiene Institute increased its work with children in its own word,

immeasurably. The facilities grew in capacity by 150% with a greatly expanded staff. McGill was also working to establish a network of clinical facilities beyond the Allen.

“That's how the Division of Child Psychiatry at the Children's Memorial Hospital”

became a psychiatric training center for McGill. As they explained, "In the Mental Hygiene Institute, investigations are going forward on delinquent children living in a residential home. And efforts have been made to involve methods of grip treatment of emotionally disturbed children." "Emotionally disturbed." Like Lana? "I shouldn't have been putting the Allen. I was a runaway kid. I did not commit a crime." And Carol? "She threatened to jump out the dormant window."

"And the duplicity orphans." "They're going to label you mentally ill." The McGill report for the Rockefeller Foundation also mentions the Department of National Health and the Welfare as a collaborator. Notably, this was the department in which

children from residential schools to other institutions, including hospitals, juvenile detention centers,

“and psychiatric institutions." "We have some very important things to say."”

"Remember the Mohawk mothers and their fight to find out whether the bodies of indigenous children were secretly buried on the grounds of the Allen." "And we're dealing with our children.

Our children that were taken from us and disappeared. Many of them never came back.

So we want to find them. And then suddenly some of these children have been found. Our being found in shallow graves next to the schools." Well, this is where their story intersects with that of the duplicity orphans. Because in 2024, Gahinti Netta was outside the former grounds of the pigsty cemetery at

“Song-junged Yuh next to a big flag bearing the logo of the society for duplicity orphans.”

In May, Bertrand and a small group of orphans gathered here to protest a warehouse

expansion, but they weren't alone. "Cubek will have to reckon with the way that their dead

are being treated here as this is very alarming." "This is again from APTN's orphans of church and state." "Gahinti Netta Horn is a longtime activist and currently a spokesperson for a group called the Mohawk mothers. She says she's here to not only support the orphans, but also because she suspects among the dead possibly buried nearby, her indigenous children." "They're still looking for answers." As early as 1963, at a psychiatry conference, Dr. Cameron

talked about the ethics of his experiments. "We took a wrong turning and continued to walk

“without a glint of success for a long, long time." But did he have to face any negative consequences?”

Not really. Dr. Cameron died in 1967, and it was only in the mid-1970s that his experiments

publicly came under attack when the CIA released the MK Ultrafoss. And, postumously, some of his colleagues came to his defense, like Dr. Laman, who in 1984 stated things that sound a lot like excuses. He told the Montreal Gazette that Dr. Cameron's work was, in quotes, considered acceptable in the context of what psychiatrists knew at the time. Dr. Laman also said in quotes,

"There was nothing unusual about not getting consent. But these experiments were mostly after World War II, after the Nuremberg trials, and consent from medical experiments was at this point seen as a fundamental principle of science. Dr. Laman himself mostly managed to escape reputational damage for his own experiments, involving incredibly high doses of drugs. And there were other psychiatrists doing similar experiments, whose reputations survived.

With some legacies, even outlasting the men themselves. William Sargent, who was arguably the leading certainly the most famous British psychiatrist after World War II, and a good friend of you in Cameron and in Canada, when Sargent retired and died, the Royal College of Psychiatrists had a series of sergeant lectures to honor his memory that persisted till 2007. Lectures in his honor until 2007. Not only did none of these men

have their moment of reckoning, some continue to be seen today as great men of psychiatry, which must be difficult for all those patients whose minds they destroyed without their consent in the name of science. So, did these researchers some funded by the CIA invent any form of mind control? The idea that people's minds can be completely reprogrammed or controlled through drugs or electric shocks has been rejected by scientists. But conspiracy theories about the nefarious

ways the government is trying to control us through water, drugs or phone signals abound. The problem with profound and intentional distortions of reality, whether directly in people's

into an abyss. It can instill an omnipresent sense of paranoia, a fear that no matter how hard we

“look, we can never really learn the truth of the past. But that shouldn't stop us from trying.”

I'm Dr. Julia Shaw. Project Mind Control was presented by me and written by me and my producer Simonorata. The executive producers are Elsa Rochester and Louisa Adams. Sound design by Craig Edmondson.

“The words of Avabet Hall were translated and read by Janik Mikhail Ortier. The words of Dr.”

Cameron were read by Paul Livingston. Project Mind Control is an always true crime production.

The film is now published by the director of the film "The World of the World of the World" by Paul Livingston.

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