Things You Thought You Knew – Sonic BOOM!

This time we're talking about sonic booms, day and night temperatures, and wind. Check it out.

Welcome to Star Talk. You're a place in the universe where science and pop culture collide. Star Talk begins right now. I've come to shed some more light on that which is mysterious in this world. Yes. Yes. The stuff you thought you knew, but you didn't have that.

“That's what thought you did. So I just thought I'd talk about sonic booms.”

Okay. Who do you think I love that? Nobody does love a sonic boon. Nobody does love a sonic boon. Yeah, that's one of the best most popular video games. That's something like Sonic.

That's Sonic. I'd tell you that head talk. He is something else.

What about sonic booms? Here you got ready. Let's take a airplane. It's a good choice here. Generally airplanes make noise. You'll hear the noise and you'll look up and you see the plane coming and then receding. The fact that you heard the plane and looked up and then you see it approaching means the sound got to you ahead of the plane. Okay. Yes. Right. The plane is not where

“you are yet. It's down the road a bit. Right. So you hear it. So the sound is going at the speed of sound”

and in regular air we call it 700 miles an hour. So it's around there. 100 miles an hour.

And the plane is still in like what for something. Yeah. 500 miles an hour. So the sound is

emanating in front of the plane relative to the plane at 200 miles an hour. Nice. Okay. All right. Not a problem. No, but this is very easy. This is not hard to understand. All right. So let's ask the question. Because by the way, the 700 miles an hour is the speed of sound in air. Right. Typical sort of sea level type air. All right. That's the speed of sound. Now suppose the plane flew a little faster. Let's let it go 600 miles an hour. Okay. All right. Well, the sound

going in front of it is now moving front at only 100 miles an hour faster. Right. Because it's it's not going in crease because it's the speed of sound in air. Okay. So what that means is the plane will be a little closer to you before you notice it is there. Right. Okay. Because it didn't get it. It didn't have a chance to get too far ahead. All right. Because the plane is like right, right coming up behind it. But it's still moving our way from it at 100 miles an hour. That's still

pretty fast. Okay. That's fast. How about 650 miles an hour? So now wait a minute. Now it's only

“okay. How about 680 miles an hour? 690. Wait a minute. What happens if you go 700 miles an hour?”

What happens to the sound you're trying to emit in front of you? Well, it's right with you. It's like with you. It is right with you. So here's the sound you're trying to push forward and it's moving forward at 700 miles an hour. But so are you. So that plane approaches you. You don't even know it's there. You don't even know to turn around and notice it. Right. Until it is directly overhead and then the sound from the sound hits you and the light from the plane hits you and there you are.

It's all that's a plane overhead. Right. Well, it's right there above you. Right. Let's keep going. Let's let's not stop there. Now have a go 750 miles an hour. 800 miles an hour. Oh, by the way, we have words for this. If you go to speed a sound, mock one. Nice. So now you have punched through this quote sound barrier. It's not really a barrier, but we used to think it was one. You punched through and then the sound lags behind. Right. All right. So now the faster you go

beyond mock one, mock two would be how fast. Twice to speed a sound. Twice to speed a sound. So 1415. If you go twice as fast, then you are leaving the sound behind you. Right. And all the sound that you are making is now snowplowed into this cone that comes out away from your vessel. So it's like your plane made a wake of nothing that is being filled with the sound that you left behind. Correct. And on the edge of that is all the sound that would have spread out through space,

you don't know it's there. Right. As if you had a fact, you won't know it's there because it

didn't make a sound. It didn't. Brilliant chuck. You're a fast study there. So there it is directly overhead. You don't even know to look up. Right. Because it's well ahead of the sound it's making. So where's the sound? It's making. Well, it's way behind. And it's all been snowplowed into this wall of sound moving forward at the speed of sound. So the plane is now downstream from you. And you said, hmm, that's odd. That didn't make a sound. The sonic boom hits you. It's odd. It's odd. It's like

the like the big ball of sound. It's a wall of sound. It's a wall of sound. It's compressed because the plane left it behind. And all the sound that it would have made that you would have heard. I added it is now all behind it in a wall. And all got plowed into it. So that as it passes over you is a sonic boom. Oh man. And the higher up the plane is, the more delayed that is the sonic boom. You'll come up here. Sonic, look up. Where's the plane? It was way down. Way down stream.

Now, so turns out anything that goes faster than sound will make a sonic boom. Okay. So it turns out a whip. The crack of a whip. Okay. Is the tip of the whip moving faster than the speed of sound? Oh, wait. It's a mini sonic boom. We used to do in a locker room. You get a like a rat tail with the rat tail. With the tail. So the sonic boom comes about. So the material, this would be a true with a whip up as well. As it flings forward and you start retracting it before it fully

flings forward. And the rapid change of direction there is the thing moving just faster than the speed of sound and you hear a crack. It's very small. It's a sonic crack. Not a sonic boom.

“So, so that's what a sonic boom is. And I love me some sonic boons, but we, you know, we had the,”

no, we did. We've never had a commercial, a commercial supersonic plane in the United States.

But Europe did. And you know what that was? That French plane. Your French plane. Yeah, the concoulet is this decoulet. Yes, the concoulet. And that was a collaboration I think with England. And so it would fly to London and to Paris to New York. But we have one of those planes. Right. We didn't have, we'd so how are we going to compete with that? Here's what we do. We say, we don't like sonic boons over our residences. So if you want to fly your plane over continental

United States, you have to fly subsonic. Well, what's the point? What's the point of that? Right. Okay. So you didn't have these planes going to LA, they all went to New York basically. Right. And I would have been great if we can all fly supersonic. So the concern was you having a nice

“peaceful afternoon, a picnic and then sonic booms are just coming across. I think the novel”

team would probably wear off quickly. It's a sense of this. Now a quick little story before we end, there's these sawsbury cathedral. This, I think this is a true story. I read about it long ago, but I haven't seen more written about it. So I don't know, maybe it's apocryphal. The sawsbury cathedral, one of the oldest cathedrals in the world, has one of the oldest clocks in the world. And I visited that when I visited Stonehenge when I was a kid,

because the Stonehenge is in the salt'sbury planes of southwest England. So anyhow, the Royal Air Force is a very under populated area. So the Royal Air Force was doing maneuvers there and there were sonic booms that they were making all the time. Conservatives were worried. Conservators were worried that these sonic booms would jiggle the cathedral and damage it. Okay. So we got some acoustic engineers that did some measurements. And sure enough, there's serious sonic booms

energy coming into the cathedral. And then someone said, gee, I want to how much vibration comes from lower sea on their organ on their pipe organ. So they tested the low notes on the pipe organ. And it was more energetic than the sonic booms coming across something. So that was the end of that conversation right there. Okay. That could be apocryphal, but it's a fun story. What it means is just in general. If you think something is causing something, look for anything

else that could swamp that effect. And if you find something that does, then formulate another

“question. So now, when the sonic boom of a meteor coming into our atmosphere, that's why you'll”

never know. People say, oh, look, here it comes. No, you don't, you don't know until it's too late,

itself? Because it's just the same thing. It's the same thing. It's a shockwave. It's still a shockwave. It's a

“shockwave. That's crap. And you know something else? It's a little sad. It's cool. Okay. Okay. You know,”

the speed of light drops when it goes into transparent solid materials. So speed of light is lower in glass. It's even lower in diamond. Right. Okay. Now, suppose you have a particle that you send through that material that goes faster than the speed of light. Because you can do that. There's no rule against it. Right? It's not my fault the light is slow. It's like it. It's not my fault. I'm obeying Einstein. I don't care that we're in glass. We're in diamond or in water. Okay. So

it turns out when particles do that. They make a kind of sonic boom of their own, but it's not sonic.

It's light. A light boom. Yeah. It's a light boom. It's a light boom. Well, that sounds delightful. And so it's a similar phenomenon, but it's happening sort of electro magnetically. And it emits its own kind of radiation for having done so. So it's a general, it's a more general phenomenon. And a principle shock waves that's all part of the same discussion of going faster than the medium wants you to go. And you have it. That's very cool. Well, you know, a light boom, you know,

and production is a stand that you hang a light on. Oh, yeah. I guess so. It's a real really boring version. I know. That's a nice word. I was going to say that like your light booms are way better. Why cool? We're the way sound guys booms. Right. Hi, I'm Ernie Carducci from Columbus, Ohio. I'm here with my son Ernie, because we listen to Star Talk every night and support Star Talk on Patreon. This is Star Talk with Neil DeGrasse Tyson.

“Chuck. Yes. What time of day is the sun the highest in the sky?”

I don't know. Hi, noon. I do. Yeah, I do. And unless it's day like savings time, and then it's like one of Clark. Okay. What's the hardest time of day? Normally around three o'clock. Why isn't it when the sun is at its highest? Why are you doing this to me? Just trying it. What is this? What are your things? No, let me thank you. When the sun is at its highest point in the sky, it is right. Maximally heating the earth. And that will not make sense. Because if it's at that point that

it starts to maximally heat the earth, then it would take a little longer for the earth to actually not that to make no sense. I'll take it back. I'm trying to think here. Why would it be? Because every moment after that, it's heating the earth less. This won't say it. This won't say it until it's sunset when it's not heating the earth at all. Not your side of the earth at least. Right. So. Okay. So I'm going to explain. Oh, so my explanation. What's correct? Okay, but not for why not. Not for why. Yes,

but no. Yes, but no. I got it. All right. Here it goes. It was a value of effort. Okay. So the sun emits a lot of bands of light. But primarily emits light in the visible part of the spectrum. And we all know that those are the colors of the rainbow. Yes. One of my favorite stories and it's not a story.

One of my favorite recountings that you have done, and I believe you did it on the first season of

cosmos was the scientist who was measuring the light and then outside of the spectrum that he was recording, there was a temperature change. And he knew them because of that that there had to be a light that we don't know or see that is making this change. I love that. I just love that recounting. And he said it in his very sort of 18th century flurry called it light on fit for vision. Light on fit for this cool. Yeah. So he discovered infrared light and it was William

“Herschel. William Herschel. Yes. Yeah. All right. So here's the thing. So the sun emits infrared,”

which we can't see. And it's ultraviolet, which we can't see. And both of those are bands of light outside of the bands we do see. So it's red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. All right, right. And the subway G-biff. And the sun peaks right there in the middle between yellow and green. All right. So more energy comes from the sun right there in yellow and green than in any other part of the spectrum. All right. The fact that you can see the sun through the atmosphere

sun, it got through the atmosphere to the bottom, to the base of the atmosphere where your eyeballs

“are to know what. So the light comes all the way through, it's not getting absorbed by the atmosphere.”

It hits the ground and the ground absorbs the sunlight. Not the air. Okay. So now the ground absorbs the yellow light and the green light and the blue light and the red light absorbs it all. That heats the molecules on Earth's surface, then the molecules re-radiate that same energy but in a different part of the spectrum. Interesting. It re-radiates it as infrared. And the infrared gets absorbed by the atmosphere. So there's a time delay,

right, clean when the sun is slamming us with a visible light and when Earth's surface responds

back with infrared heating the air. Now you put the thermometer in the air and say, all the temperature is going up. Did it go up at high noon? No, took a couple hours. Wow for that to build that. So I had kids. This is why you got to go to school. Okay. This is why you got to go to sleep so as you can actually learn things to proper ways. I'm not done yet. Okay. So if that's the case, that means the farther away you are from Earth's surface, right? The cooler

it's cooler, it's going to be. Right. You ever go from sea level to a mountain top? Oh god, yes,

it's lovely. Okay, the temperature. What a rough. What a refreshing climb. Okay.

You say, no, I do a hike. Did I, I'm taking a, I'm not a tram, but I'm not a hike in it. So generally it's cooler on mountain tops, just farther away from the general Earth's surface that's there. Not only that if you go up in an airplane, forget it. If you ever looked at the temperature gauge that sometimes they show in the front of the, you know, at the bulkhead, all right, you'll see the temperature. I'd be 40 below zero. Yeah, exactly. Just a few miles up.

Why is it so cold up there? Is it because you're closer to space? No. No, it's because you're farther away from where the sunlight is actually doing the heating, and that's right above the Earth's surface. In fact, in meteorology, there's a rule

“about how high above Earth's surface you have to put the thermometer so that everybody can”

get a consistent reading. Interesting. It's not directly above the ground. You got to pull it up a little. So it's a mixing of the air. So everybody can get a nice, consistent, sensible reading of the temperature. I love that. I'm not done yet. I'll get out. Okay. So now watch. Inferend. Do you know what traps inferend? Greenhouse gases. Do you know what the predominant number one greenhouse molecule in the atmosphere is? Water vapor. Water vapor. Yeah. The water

molecule. Okay. So let's do an experiment. Let's take away the water molecules from where you are. There's a word for such places. What are they called? Deserts. Deserts. Thank you. So the temperature rises. In mid-afternoon in the desert, then the sun sets. What happens to that heat

“that the ground had accumulated from the sun? It gets we radiated as infrared. Does it get trapped?”

No. No. It escapes. And the nighttime temperature in the desert plummets. Yes. And that is the weirdest thing about the desert is you will die of a sunstroke during the day and you will die of overexposed wrath of night hypothermia and night hypothermia. You've got to be ready for a 40 degree range of temperature from maximum heating in the afternoon, maximum warming of the air to when everything just radiates away. And by the way, when there's no sun, you're just losing heat.

So therefore, the coldest time of the day is when I'm going to say in the, well, the coldest time of the day of the 24 hour day, when is 12 midnight or 9 o'clock in the morning, three o'clock in the morning. No, no, just before sunrise. Oh, yeah, because there's been no sun all night. There's been no sun. It's been crangling off the whole entire time. Take a look at temperature plots. All right. Exactly. Okay. It'll peek in the mid-afternoon and it'll get no matter where you are. It'll do that. And then it'll

go to its lowest point just before sunrise. And then the sun starts giving you the energy again. See, that's, I got to stop overthinking things because I'm talking to you and I'll start overthinking.

But it's still, yeah, but you're right. Yeah, that the sun has not been present all that time. It makes sense that just before the reappearance of the sun, that will be the coldest time. Correct. And I got to correct something that people have gotten wrong.

“Okay. They'll say, when is the darkest time of night? Just before the dawn?”

No, see that's bullshit. Okay. That's, that's, that's, that's, that's, that's, that's, that's, that's, all right.

Any time it is not twilight, you are basically equally as dark the entire night of what.

So you, so you want to pick midnight if you want fine. But that whole time you are good to go. None of this, the darkest is just before the dawn. Yeah, it's just bullshit. Right. Right. Right. Right. Right. Exactly. That's what I say is the darkest in the room just before I turn on the light. Well, it was dark that whole time before we turn on the light. Right. Exactly. Yeah. That. I mean. All right. So, but wait. I'm not done. There are certain places like Hawaii and Iceland. Where? The range from the high to the low temperature.

In any 24 hour period is very narrow. Check out the, the, the climate data for those two places. I, I know this for a fact. But go ahead. And so, so why? Oh, I don't know. I just, I just used to stay in Hawaii for a bit. I spent a few months living there. Uh-huh. Yeah. Like 76 in the daytime and maybe 68 at night. Yeah. You know, and so that's because they're in the middle of the oceans. And the ocean is very high humidity that stabilizes the, the, the

the flow of the heating between day and night. Oh, that's it. It slows it down. So, so on the heat. So, the, the, I've done this even as a New York city resident. Okay.

The way you want to minimize the temperature drop is you have a perfectly, uh, a sunny day. Then it's sunset, moist clouds come in. Then they'll trap the heat you already. They'll, they'll hold the heat overnight. That's hot. I mean, that's cool. I mean, that's great. So, this is why you get huge temperature swings in, in the deserts. Why you don't in humid climates, the tropics. And of course, in island nations, it's also why it's hotter, a couple hours after the middle of the day than right at the middle of the day. And one other thing. The day of the year with the arc of the sun is longest and highest in the sky,

“is the first day of summer, June 21st. That's right. Chuck, what is the hottest month of the year, at least in the Northern Hemisphere?”

August. Yes, it's not June. It's not even really July. It's August. It's so for the same reason.

Climactically, what goes on in a daytime cycle actually goes on in a seasonal cycle. So wow, you have maximum ground heating in June. But there's a lag between the ground heating and the ground responding to this and and and seasonally that takes a couple of months to build. Not to mention the ocean temperatures in those areas also delayed. Right. Also do not super cool, man. Do you have I thought this was going to be a pouring one? You said I did this is I don't want to let you down here and I didn't title this one. This is like,

the temperature during the day. It's okay. We need a better. We need a better title than the temperature going the day. Right. And why it's cold with Fahrenheit. Oh, I like that fun with it. Fun with Fahrenheit. And so and like I said, when you're in an airplane, you're so far away from the ground, the ground had no chance of heating the air you're flying in. Right. And so it could be 40 below. Yeah, up at, you know, five miles up where you're flying at 30,000 feet. And one final thought. Go ahead. Okay. Do you know the temperature, the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales.

“Correct. You know they're different. Right. But do you know they actually cross on a graph?”

I did not know that. Okay. Because I thought they were running parallel. Yeah, they're not parallel. No, it's a Celsius is parallel, a Kelvin, but Celsius is not parallel. Parallel to Fahrenheit. So, so so for example, what is it? A boiling water is what Fahrenheit? Two to 12. And it's 100 Celsius. What's the temperature? What's the degree difference between those? 112 degrees. On Celsius, what temperature does water freeze? Zero. What on Fahrenheit? What temperature does it freeze? Oh, 32. So what's the temperature difference there?

That's only 32. So, so the difference between Celsius and Fahrenheit is shrinking as you get colder. Closed up. Okay. There is a temperature where if you plotted this, those two graphs cross,

And that temperature is exactly 40 below. Nice. So, when I say, oh, it's 40 below and you say, oh,

was it Fahrenheit or temperature? I might just mess with you. I didn't make it different. Doesn't matter. Doesn't matter. It's so cold, doesn't matter. This kind of matter. And when I say, do the math, and there's a little formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius. And if you put in one temperature, you get the other, if you put in 40 for one of them, but minus 40, minus 40 comes out the other side. So, it's an equation at that point that gives you the same answer going in as coming out. It's very cool.

Yeah, man. I'm getting a t-shirt to say, I'm 40 below, because I'm cool anyway, baby. I'm cool. I'm cool. Celsius or Fahrenheit? I'm ice cold anyway. All right. [Music]

“Ask me where wind comes from. Oh, I know. It's, it's my uncle. And, uh, do you think it's funny?”

He's kind of rude. Doesn't make a difference if we're at the table or not. It's terrible. Then apologize. Sometimes he's proud of it. Not cool. Not cool. Not cool. Okay. Uh, asking about meteorological wear. Oh, okay. Where does meteorological wind come from? I will quote, "agdinesh." "agdinesh." Yes. Yes. The playful poet. "agdinesh." Wind is caused by trees waving their branches. That guy was stupid.

Let me tell you right now, I do not know where wind comes from. I don't know where wind comes from.

“But I know this much. It don't come from trees waving. Hey, how you all doing? How would you know?”

Because, and I'll tell you why. This is important. This is a bit of science here. Okay. How do you, when it's windy out, trees are swaying, right? So, how would you test what the cause and effect is of that? Because two things. One, wind could be caused by fast spinning and a momenters. Okay. The weather range. I could be, you know. It could also be caused by a butterfly flapping its wings in due to a band. A big butterfly. Moth rock. Moth rock. The Moth so princess Tokyo.

No, the reason is because I hear the wind and then I see the tree move. So that means the wind

was there pain about what sequence you obtained data? Wind didn't hit your ear first and the

trees waving for to get through your head and then hit it. Sometimes it does. Sometimes I hear the wind and then I see the tree move. Unlike that something burned me. Something came by me and moved that tree. Those are the trees. A quarter mile away. Okay. All right. So, no. This is very, uh, it's actually very simple. Okay. You have wind, which is a, a, a, a, a adjustment of air pressure. It's really what's going on. Okay. And I don't see you say it like that. Me, you say it like that just explained it to me.

Oh, you're nice. No, no, what you have is basically re-adjustment of air pressure. That's, that's

“all. That's what it is. That's always, we're done here. No, thanks. So it's the un-equal heating”

of earth surface. Oh, now that makes that. That's, that's what it is. Okay. That's cool. And so, if it's warmer in one place than another and plus earth is rotating. So these factors conspire, so that if air ever rises, well, that wouldn't cause wind as we know it, because wind goes horizontally to the surface. But if you have rising air, because it just got heated, what happened, what has to happen next? You know, you don't, you don't create a vacuum blow,

but you do, but then what happens? You have falling air. When you're sorry. Yes, if air rises, you'll also have falling air. Right. That's true. In total. But the pocket of,

Oh, it has to be filled. There's got to be filled. So you get to up to get filled from the sides.

“Right. Oh, it's filled from the side. Weed. Yes. Oh my God. That's how it works. Yes. That's so nice.”

Yes. Okay. I'll tell you, earth is tricky. Earth got some truth. So you have rising air. It creates a partial vacuum on the, which is a pressure difference. And then other air says, we have to fill that gap. Let's go there. And so there it goes. Okay. Nice. So if you look at hurricanes, for example, very, very low pressure in the middle. You have heated warm, warm, moist, what we call unstable air. Airs unstable. It rises. Okay. In that low pressure system, all the clouds in the neighborhood

want to go there. It's sweet. Everything wants to go to the center of the hurricane. It's the cloud nightclub. There's a, your man, you go to the odd and night, you go to the out. No. Your man,

“I heard the eyes going to be hot tonight. So all the clouds try to come in, but then earth rotation”

sorta veers them to the right, no matter which way they're trying to head into the front entrance of the eye club, they, they, they veered to the right. And so you have this circulation while the cloud are trying to get to the middle. And this gives you that, that, that, that spiraling storm, that spiral effect that, that, and everybody trying to get into the middle. And so, so hurricanes have famously fast winds because of this, like hundreds of miles an hour in the fastest of them,

fastest of them. Now, if you have, if you have air that is descending, okay, air that descends,

first it won't make a cloud, okay. So descending air is like generally clear skies, deserts have

descending air. Oh, okay. Now, there's certain parts of the world where the descending air is so sort of total, it is sort of gently descending and it can go out the sides, but if the area of the descending air is large enough, then there's no sideways wind. Wow. These areas of earth's surface, especially over the ocean, are called the doldrums. That's the club that nobody wants to go to. Sorry, you got the hurricane eye. Yeah, I got the boat. Man, I couldn't get into the eye

last night. Now, I got a go to the doldrums. The doldrums. So the doldrums are regions of earth's surface where all the wind has ceased. And if you happen to be a sailing ship that wanders into the doldrums, wow. Oh, my gosh. That's bad stuff. That's it. That's it. Many a ship have just given up the ghost in the doldrums because you can't, you can't move and if they don't have oars, there's no wind, nothing. Nothing. And they eat up the food supply, they eat each other, whatever, and that's it.

Wow. It's like the great, it's like the great wind garbage patch of the ocean. No. Like the plastic patch. The plastic patch. It just accumulates. It goes nowhere. It's the wind. There's a lot of it that way. Yeah, that's tear. It's a fascinating, just fascinating disturbed analogy. It is. Oh, that's terrible though. Now a couple of things, a couple other things. So Mars has famously large wind storms. And we call them dust storms because

the wind picks up the dust, you know, the Martian, the surface dust. Yeah, yeah. And so you can see this. In fact, when it happens, it cloaks the Martian surface. And so our telescopes and space

probes, we can't see what's at the bottom. It's basically one of these like sandstorms you've

read about in the desert, but it's like a dust storm on Mars. Or it's a very clever, cloaking device that the Martians use to stop us from looking at them when they're doing stuff

“on the surface of Mars. Yeah, exactly. Chuck that's. But do you remember the face on Mars?”

Listen, do you remember the face on Mars? Uh, so there was back in the 70s. There was like

nose and a mouth. And it looked like a huge, my, it was huge, huge. And we got a couple of

photos over during the Viking missions. And everyone said, we got to go back, clearly there's life there. Okay. By the way, if there's life and that represented it, it would have to be life that had sort of a semi in face. Like, most life on earth doesn't have a face. So that would be weird if life on a whole other planet had a humanoid face that that would just be weird. Okay,

“just saying, but the lobsters don't have what did we notice the lobster monument that was there?”

No, because only look at what stuff that looks like us. All right. So we went back and you saw and we had better higher resolution and you saw a hint of like where the eyebrows were in the mouth, but it was mostly sort of, and people said the Martians knew we were looking at it. Yeah, covered it up. Pick covered it up. There's Mars dust. Here's my point. Oh, the Martian atmosphere is 1-100. The thickness of Earth's atmosphere. Oh, that's terrible.

There's that's barely. It is so clear. It's barely any atmosphere. So if you move that air 100 miles an hour, it's like, it's like an infant trying to blow out a birthday candle.

“You know, it's like, I'm given that. And that's why the whole scene in the movie, the Martian,”

where they can't leave the planet. Oh, Doctor, I'm going to go, I'm going to... That storm is coming. And then, and then, and then, and then, and then, and then, the rocket is rocking. It's rocking back. And then, and then, and then, I leave Mart Wadney on the surface, because they're afraid they'll topple over from the wind. Man, another movie ruined. Thank you, Neil. No. Yeah, that can't happen then, right? That just can't even happen.

Yeah, yeah. It's not, yeah, it's not happening. It might be not a dusting. You can't, you can't see. Yeah. But, you know, blowing over any space ship. So, it's also not going to, it's also not going to pick up a rod, a metal rod, and spear you with it, because it's not going to do that. It's not tornado speak. Right.

“So, point is Mars is also an unevenly heated planet. And that's why you get it. Correct, correct.”

All right, wait a minute. Wait, wait, wait, wait. I got to ask you this now. All right. And this is off the explainer chart, but I got to do it. Okay. I know that you know him. So, did you ask him about that when he wrote this? Like, you're talking about Andy Weir. Andy, yeah. Did you actually ask him? I got all up in his situation, but then what I said was, what I said was, okay, Andy, so much else in that novel, later the movie, was so well calculated

and thought through, I'm going to give you a whole pass on this one. Okay. Because it's not that he's got no story. Yeah, he's got, he had to do it. It was poetic license for a Mars hurricane, so he could get to the rest of the story. Yeah, I gave it to him because he did the rest of his summer city. I'm not totally evil, a commentator. I will cut you some slack. If you're an artist,

as Mark Twain said, first get your facts straight, then distort the matter, your leisure. Okay.

That's Mark Twain's Edict. So I love all in on that. By the way, Venus is very evenly heated over its surface, and we think it has hardly any wins there at all. Nice. Yes. Yeah, it's, it's, it's, it's so refreshing 900 degrees. No, no, you would vaporize, but ignoring that conversation, it's no win needed, no win needed. It's so even, it's so even. It's not a dry heat. It's an even heat. You're good. That's the joke I heard about hell, they say. You know, you ask some evil person there.

Well, how's hell? Yeah, yeah, it's, it's, it's hot, but it's low humidity. So we're fine. That's funny, actually. Chuck, we had to end it there. This is a windy, starting off with your uncle. Yes, we had a windy,

windy, explainer. We're starting. Yeah, it's always a pleasure. You know, the grass Tyson.