Gustave Flaubert and the ‘Madame Bovary’ Trial

Guarantee human. You know Roll Doll.

He thought of Willie Wonka in the BFG,

but did you know he was a spy?

“In the new podcast, the secret world of Roll Doll.”

I'll tell you that story, and much, much more. What? You probably won't believe it either. Was this before he wrote his stories? I'd must have been.

Okay, I don't think that's true. I'm telling you. Okay, I was a spy. Listen to the secret world of Roll Doll. On the "I Heart Radio" Apple Podcasts,

or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Clayton Eckard, in 2022,

I was the lead of ABC's The Bachelor.

But here's the thing. Bachelors fans hated him. If I could press a button and rewind it all I would, that's when his life took a disturbing turn.

“A one-night stand would end in a courtroom.”

The media is here. This case has gone viral. The dating contract. Agreed to date me, but I'm also suing you. This is unlike anything I've ever seen before.

I'm Stephanie Young. Listen to the love trapped on the "I Heart Radio" app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Next Monday, our 2022 six-eye-hard podcast awards are happening live in South by Southwest.

This is the biggest night in podcast think. We'll honor the very best in podcasting from the past year, and celebrate the most innovative talent and creators in the industry. And the winner is... Creativity, Knowledge, and Passion.

We'll all be on full display. Thank you so much. I Heart Radio. Thank you to all the other nominees. You guys are awesome.

Watch live next Monday at 8pm Eastern 5pm Pacific Free. Itfeeps.com or The Veeps app. All conversations with actors including fellow SNL alums, comedians, musicians, and more about life, and their wonderfully complicated relationships with their fathers.

I think and hope that's a good thing. Get to know Ego. Follow thanks dad with Ego Adam and start listening on the Free "I Heart Radio" app today. Hey, I'm Jay Shetty, host of the on-purpose podcast.

My latest episode is with Hillary Dough, singer, actress, and multi-plattener artists. You desire in family like this picture. And that's not reality. My sister and I don't speak.

It's definitely a very painful part of my life, and I hope it's not forever, but it's for right now. Listen to on-purpose with Jay Shetty on the "I Heart Radio" app. Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Welcome to "Stuff You" Mist in History Class.

A production of "I Heart Radio". Hello and welcome to the podcast, I'm Holly Fry. And I'm Tracy V. Wilson. So while I was working on research for our recent episode on "Tae of Field" Stylin, I was reminded while I was looking at the history of French censorship

of the trial of Gustaf Lubeur during the French second empire,

regarding his novel, "Madam Bovacri". And I have rather fond memories of studying that book. I feel like it's about it. We'll talk about it on Friday. "Madam Bovacri" is, we'll say, because it's a little easier than saying the French accent every time. It's today considered a classic, and it's, you know, pretty tame in nature.

But when it was written in the 1850s, not considered tame, it fell under the accusing eye of the French government for its sexual content. So for today, first we're going to talk a bit about Gustaf Lubeur himself, and then bring his life story to the point where he found himself on trial for writing a book that was accused of being a moral.

That was really pretty early in his career as a writer. And then we'll talk a little bit about the effects of the trial in his life after it. I feel like I should say this is for someone like me that's read a lot about Gustaf Lubeur. This feels very much not comprehensive. I'd like, oh, I left so much out, even so it's a little bit longer.

So just know, if you are a Flubeur scholar, you're going to be like, you left so much out.

“And I'm going to be like, I know, baby. I know. That's what's up.”

So Gustaf Lubeur was born December 12th, 1821 in rural France. His father, Achille Cleofa, Flubeur was a surgeon. His mother and Justin Carelline Flareo was from a family that could trace its streets back hundreds of years in the history of Normandy. Dr. Flubeur accumulated wealth and property, but throughout his career, he remained dedicated to caring for Ruon's poor and indigent.

He was known as an outgoing man who excelled as a teacher to the students at Hotel Du,

The Flubeur is also accumulated a lot of wealth through real estate.

“Achille Cleofa purchased land whenever he could, and then he rented that land out for farming.”

Yeah, he really was much wealthier than a doctor in his particular role would normally be because he was very smart about investing. So the time Gustaf was born, the Flubeurs had welcomed several

children, but they had tragically lost several as well. First, they had a son named Achille after

his father, and then they had a daughter who died as an infant. Their second son, Emil Cleofa, died at eight months, and their third son, Jules Alfred, was born in 1819, that was two years before Gustaf. Sadly, Jules died in the autumn of 1822, leaving only Achille and Gustaf at that point. And then, finally, they had a daughter named Caroline, who was born two and a half years after Gustaf. His mother, understandably, grieved deeply for all of these losses, and she also developed

“what's described as a pretty high level of anxiety about her remaining children, because”

she was afraid something would happen to them, and that anxiety was something those kids were very much aware of. In addition to that, the family lived adjacent to the hospital. They were in like an apartment that was connected directly to the facility, and that meant that the children that Gustaf and his siblings made friends with were patients. And the Flover kids became very acquainted with loss, as many of those friends died from their illnesses. Additionally, the children

were allowed to freely roam the hospital, so they often saw the kinds of things that most parents would probably want to shield their children from, and they even went with their father on visits to mental asylum, when he made medical visits there. Maybe trying to get a break from all the

“anxieties and sorrows of this day-to-day life, Gustaf has said to have sought out adults around him”

who were good at telling stories. One was a young woman named Julie, who was hired to help with the children and to help around the house. Another was a neighbor named Miniel, and Mr. Miniel told him stories of Don Quixote, which left a very strong impression on the young boy. Flover later wrote, quote, "I find all my roots in the book I learned by heart before learning how to read Don Quixote." Apparently, it took him a while to learn how to read,

because he preferred to have people just reads him, but once he did learn, he was a voracious reader. He also started writing letters to just about everyone he knew as a child. Yeah, these are also the kinds of letters that you would not associate with the child's writing. He wrote like long letters about his inner thoughts and like what was going on in the world around him, like they sound much more informative than many letters that I would certainly write today.

At the age of 10, Gustaf went to boarding school, although that school was still quite close to his home, but he did board there, and he was there for the next eight years. When he was still

a teenager of 16, he published his first piece in a local literary review titled "Localibree,"

that means the hummingbird. It is unclear to me what the subject of that early writing was. He also completed his first novel that year, memoir Don Quixote, or memoirs of a madman. This was about a married woman, 11 years older than him, who he was obsessed with. It was based on his real life about a woman named Elisa Slesinger, who had no idea this teenager thought that he was in love with her. He did not publish this manuscript, or anything

else for decades. Yeah, it does come back in a different way, but that is very fascinating. Apparently, Schlesinger, who he came to know later in life, did not find out until like 35 years later that she was the subject of this book, or that he had been just obsessed with her as a teenager. When he was still a teen, he also became friends with the pessimist philosopher Alfred Lepwadven, and the two men remained lifelong friends. Early on in his life, Flopere developed this very strong

sensibility in which he absolutely loathed things like cliches and what he called EDQ, preconceived

ideas, and he started compiling a list of these things. Basically, anything that was often repeated

as known wisdom that he thought was stupid. This may be the thing that makes me feel the most affinity for this stuff over there. We'll talk about it on Friday. There was a very real degree of intellectual snobbery to Flopere even as a child, and as a teen, and he and Lepwadven came up with

of every stupid thing that they heard people saying. Flopere was thrown out of school. The year

“he was supposed to graduate. It's not 100% clear what happened here, but the prevailing theory”

is that when the schools well liked philosophy teacher took a leave due to illness, Gustav and his friends were just at odds with the substitute, and things escalated to the point that the boys were removed. They were allowed to sit for their final exams, though, and Gustav passed, Flopere was sent on a trip to the Mediterranean as a reward. Yeah, he went with like a family friend, and it was a two-month trip. Just before his 20th birthday, Flopere began studying law

in Paris. He did not find Paris to his liking, and he didn't really want to be a lawyer. He had known from the time that he learned to read and write that what he wanted was to be a writer, but his parents wanted him to study for some sort of vocation. He went along with this, although he said, even if I graduate, I'm not going to study, I'm not going to practice law,

“so whatever, I'm playkating you. But by the time Flopere was 22, he was actually having a lot of difficulties”

with his law studies, and he started having some pretty frightening health issues. He had a seizure one night in January 1844 while he was writing in a carriage with his brother, and they went to his father's house where he had several more. Years later, he wrote about these attacks this way, quote, "Each attack was like a hemorrhage of the nervous system. Seminal losses from the pictorial faculty of the brain, 100,000 images converting at once in a kind of fireworks.

It was a snatching of the soul from the body excruciating. I am convinced I died several times. But what constitutes the personality, the rational essence was present throughout, had it not been the suffering would have been nothing for I would have been purely passive,

whereas I was always conscious even when I could no longer speak.

Thus, my soul was turned back entirely on itself, like a hedgehog wounding itself with its own quills." Because this started at a time in his life when he was very stressed, it has sometimes been reported as sort of a nervous breakdown, although other reads of the situations specifically say he had epilepsy. According to a letter he wrote to his friend, "Lipwata-va, he was bled in three places at once before he regained consciousness. But writing to

his friend about what had happened, flow there, was really astonishingly upbeat. After mentioning that he was being sent to the seashore for arrest, he notes that he must sound boring, but that if he's going to have old men's illnesses, quote, "I must be allowed to dribble on the way they do. They did try to return to school and pair as briefly, but then he had another seizure, which sent him back home to Ruwau and ended his lost study." His father purchased a home in

Quasse, outside of Ruwau, so he could live at a more peaceful place. At this point, it seemed like he would be just taken care of, and by a paid staff, the family had well, they could afford to do that, and that would be the case for the rest of his life. But it also meant that he could turn his attention entirely to writing. Coming up, we'll talk about Flowbear's approach to writing, but first, we will have a quick sponsor break.

You know Ruwau, the writer who thought I'd Willy Wonka, Matilda, and the BFG. But did you know he was also a spy? Was this before? He wrote his stories? I musta been. Our new podcast series, the secret world of Ruwau doll, is a wild journey through the hidden chapters of his extraordinary controversial life. His job was literally to seduce the wives of

powerful Americans, and he was really good at it. You probably won't believe it either.

Okay, I don't think that's true. I'm telling you, okay, that was a spy. Did you know doll got cozy with the Rose of Elts? Play poker with Harry Truman, and had a long affair with a congresswoman, and then he took his talents to Hollywood, where he worked alongside Walt Disney, an Alfred Hitchcock, before writing a hit James Bond film. How did this secret agent wind up as the most successful children's author ever,

“and what darkness from his covert past, seeped into the stories we read as kids?”

The true story is stranger than anything he ever wrote. Listen to the secret world of Ruwau doll on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Next Monday, our 2026 iHeartPodcast Awards are happening live in South by Southwest. We'll honor the very best in podcasting from the past year, and celebrate the most innovative talent and creators in the industry.

Creativity, knowledge, and passion will all be on full display.

Watch live next Monday at 8 p.m. Eastern 5 p.m. Pacific Free. Itfeeps.com, or the Veeps app. I'm Clayton Eckard, and in 2022, I was the lead of ABC's The Bachelor.

Unfortunately, it didn't go according to plan. He became the first bachelor to ever have his final

rose rejected. The internet turned on him. If I could press a button and rewind it all I would.

“But what happened to Clayton after the show made even bigger headlines?”

It began as a one night stand, and ended in a courtroom, with Clayton at the center of a very strange paternity scandal. The media is here. This case has gone viral. The dating contract. Agree to date me, but i'm also suing you. This is unlike anything I've ever seen before. I'm Stephanie Young. This is LoveTrap. This season, an epic battle of he said cheese said, and the search for accountability in a sea of lies. I'm done nothing to get rid of the

f*ck Brassler. Listen to LoveTrap on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Ego Wona is your host for the 2026 iHeartPodcast Awards. Live at South by Southwest. Hello, is anybody there? Race by a single mom. Ego may have a few father-related issues. Are we supposed to talk about your dad? Her podcast, thanks dad, is full of funny, heartfelt conversations with actors, including fellow SNL alum's, comedians, musicians, and more about life,

“and their wonderfully complicated relationships with their fathers. I think it helped. That's a good thing.”

Get to know Ego. Follow thanks dad with Ego Wona and start listening on the free iHeartRadio app today. I'm building a life that truly matters. You desire in family like this picture, and that's not reality a lot of the time. It's for people. My sister and I don't speak. It's definitely a very painful part of my life, and I hope it's not forever, but it's for right now. Listen to on purpose,

with Jay Shetty on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. A recurrent aspect of Flow Bears' work is that he would often revisit earlier writing to try to make use of it by editing it and shaping it into something better. And this began right away early

“in this phase of life where he started to write in earnest. Most of us who did any writing”

in our teens probably consider that work to be juvenile and not worth our time, if we did not set it on fire or throw it out, but that is not how it worked for Gustaf Flow Bear.

Recall that first manuscript that we talked about that he wrote about the older woman,

he had fixated on. He took that character of the older woman and his fixation and he re-tooled them into a new work called Novambla, which also was not published. One of the things he is notorious about as being a perfectionist, he did not want anyone to see any of his works until he was 100% happy, he often re-copied them over and over editing as he went. But he then adapted the story again to drop it into a larger narrative about the French Revolution,

that was titled "Legicational Sentimental." But though he finished the first version of that in the early

1840s, it would be more than 20 years before he revised it again, and finally published it.

And this kind of ongoing revision was something he did throughout his life, and as we'll see near the end of his life, he sometimes went way back to work that one might not even consider that useful for such a thing. At the beginning of 1846, Flow Bear's father died, then just two months after he lost his father, his sister Caroline, who was only 21, died. She had spent two months having complications from childbirth before her death. Gustav and his sister were very close,

so this lost, just devastated him. He decided to raise her daughter, so he took the baby and his widowed mother to live in his home in Quasse. Yeah, his niece was also named Caroline, so there's a lot of Carolines in the story. The same year that all of those losses and life changes played out, Flow Bear also met the poet, Luis Colet, when he was visiting Paris. He was actually in Paris to have a sculpture made of his sister and was carrying her death mask to do it, and when he

lasted eight years. She was married. Her husband, musician Ipolyt Colet, was still alive for the first

“five years of this affair. Luis had married him to get away from life in the country and to move”

to Paris, but when she was in Paris, she was definitely not monogamous, and Flow Bear was not her first affair. The relationship between Luis Colet and Gustav Flow Bear was tempestuous, and at one point they did stop seeing each other completely kind of in the middle of their relationship, but they were soon together again. He spent a lot of time with his close friend Maxim Du Camp. The two men went on a walking tour together through the Luar Valley, and along the coast of

Brittany, the journal that Flow Bear wrote during their days is considered by some to be some of his finest work. It was not published in his lifetime, but after his death, with the title part of a shop at Parligrev, which is through fields and along shores. In 1849, Flow Bear, his friend

“Du Camp, and another friend, Poet, Louie, Buier, met up so that Flow Bear could read the other two”

a novel that he had been working on, and he read it aloud to them over the course of several days, a reported 32 hours of reading, and the reception to this was not good. His friends are described as being just utterly brutal in their criticism. He was, in fact, advised to throw the whole thing

in the fire and never speak of it again. This was the first time he had shared his novel writing

with anyone, and although it must have been incredibly painful to have his two close friends very harshly criticized it, he had Du Camp remained very close. The two young men actually went on a tour of Europe in Northern Africa right after this. Flow Bear is said to have come home from that trip with syphilis, which he got while visiting a brothel abroad. Flow Bear's next project was the work that would eventually become Madame Beauvery. It too had roots in earlier writing,

including a piece from 1837 called Passion and Virtue. There appeared to have been a lot of influences that went into the creation of the character of Emma Beauvery and different accounts of the author's life and work will cite one or another or sometimes multiple. For instance, Flow Bear is said to have been pointed at the true story of Dr. Eugene Delamar and his wife Veronique Delphine Couturier. Veronique was bored by her life as the spouse of a country physician, and she engaged in the life of debauchery

and infidelity, which ultimately consumed her until her death by suicide in her mid-twenties. This is really close to the Madame Beauvery story, but there are other similar stories that Flow Bear also knew some of personal acquaintances of women who found their bourgeois lives stultifying and who longed for more and sought out affairs to try to bring a spark into their lives.

They had been longing for. As for Flow Bear, he always told anyone who asked who Madame

Beauvery was based on that it was himself. Famously quoted almost everywhere you can find as

“Madame Beauvery Simois. And the truth is that his most famous character is probably”

an amalgam of all of these things, as there are pretty keen parallels to all of them within the story in terms of details. There were women he knew and knew about who found that the life of a wife was far less romantic than the books they had read growing up. We're leading them to believe. And Eugene Delamar is said to have been one of Flow Bear's father's students, so there may have been a personal connection to that story. And like his heroine, Flow Bear lived

a life where the main male figure he knew was a doctor. And the young Gustav found the average life around him in that scenario lacking in originality and stimulus. But also who among us has not had that similar feeling at some point in their lives. That really does explain the appeal of this novel story. A lot of people can relate to Emma's longing. Flow Bear himself wrote that there were people just like Emma Beauvery crying throughout France. He also wrote to Louise Colet in 1852

quote, "If my book is good, it will gently caress many a feminine wound. More than one woman will smile as she recognizes herself in it." Incidentally, as he was working on the novel in 1855, he broke off his affair with Louise Colet for the last time after a period where the two were clearly falling apart. They had a lot of conflict. His friends were getting involved. He wrote her a very definitive letter on March 6th, 1855, which read in its entirety.

I was not in. And, fearing less persistence exposed you to humiliation, I am bound by the rules

“of politeness to warn you that I shall never be in." The story of Madame Beauvery”

extremely briefly is that the main character Emma, who has spent her teenage years in a condiment school, is married off to Charles Beauvery, a country doctor who cares for her, but is not exactly passionate. She's grown up, reading romance novels, she believes she's about to start the

life. She has always dreamed of only to find that her days are dull and filled with on-week.

She starts trying to find ways to bring more excitement into her life while simultaneously pushing her husband to pursue a practice in the city of Ruwal. This begins with reckless spending. Merchant named Leroux, named it "hampistedly," offers her a wide array of expensive luxuries on credit. As she starts getting a taste of the finer life, she also starts cheating on her husband, looking unsuccessfully for the thrilling romance she's always been looking for.

In every instance, the men she turns to let her down, and her dealings with both the merchant

and her lovers, she's left, used by them. But though the reader may initially identify with this

longing that she has, she's revealed not to be a romantic figure, caged in social moreays, but a selfish and shallow person whose actions hurt the people around her. The book does not end well for her. The quota of this novel is purposely unsatisfying,

“showing the undeserving as being rewarded, and that life is not fair or just.”

As Slope Air was working on the book, his friend, Maxime Dukamp, had become a member of the review department. And he encouraged Slope Air to publish his new story in the literary journal in installments. And once Slope Air was ready, he did so under the title, "Metemba Verri, Murledup Glovons," beginning on October 1, 1856. As we mentioned in our recent episode on Tiafield Steinland, France was going through cycles in which its laws regarding the press would

tighten and then relax. But by the time the last installment of Manimbo Verri appeared in the review to Perri on December 15, Slope Air was in the sights of the French government. His story was accused of being blasphemous and of offending public morals. The formal charge was having committed the misdemeanor of an outrage against public and religious morals and established customs. There's actually an interesting element to this in that the review to Perri had actually

edited out one of the steamier parts of the book because they were afraid of being shut down or punished if they ran it. The author had told the editors that if something had to be suppressed which he wasn't wild about, he wanted that to be noted on the page and they acquiesced. So there was a note on that page that read, quote, "The directors have seen the necessity of suppressing a passage here which did not seem fitting to the review to Perri. We give notice of it to the author."

“Had the original version run, things may have been even more problematic for Gustaf Luber?”

The trial was set for January 29th, 1857. On January 20th Gustaf wrote a letter to his brother Akil with an absolutely delicious passage that gives a great insight into where his head was at with this. Quote, "The police have blundered." They thought they were attacking a run of the mill novel and some ordinary little scribbler, whereas now, in part thanks to the prosecution, my novel is looked on as a masterpiece. And for the author, he has for defenders a number of what used to be

called "grond dumps." The Empress, among others, has twice spoken in my favor. The Emperor said

the first time they should leave him alone. And despite all that, the case was taken up again.

Why? There begins the mystery. While waiting, I am preparing my statement which is simply my novel itself. But I am cramming the margins next to the incriminated passages with embarrassing quotations drawn from the classics. To show by means of that simple parallel that for the last 300 years, there hasn't been a line in French literature that couldn't be indicted as undermining morality and religion. Have no fear, I shall be quite calm. As for not appearing at the trial,

that would be a retreat. I can't say anything, but we'll stand next to Sinrad who will need me there.

No, no, it's that's a great letter. We will get to the details of the one-day trial after we hear from the sponsors that keep the show going. You know, Rolldoll, the writer who thought I Willy Wonka, Matilda, and the BFG. But did you know he was also a spy? Was this before he wrote his stories? I must have been. Our new podcast series, the secret world of Rolldoll is a wild journey through the hidden chapters of his extraordinary

controversial life. His job was literally to seduce the wives of powerful Americans,

and he was really good at it. You probably won't believe it either. Okay, I don't think that's true. I'm telling you, because I was a spy. Did you know dog got cozy with the Roosevelt's? Play poker with Harry Truman, and had a long affair with a Congresswoman, and then he took a sound to Hollywood, where he worked alongside Walt Disney and Alfred Hitchcock before writing a hit James Bond film.

“How did this secret agent wind up as the most successful children's author ever?”

And what darkness from his covert past, seeped into the stories we read as kids? The true story is stranger than anything he ever wrote. Listen to the secret world of Rolldoll on the I-Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, wherever you get your podcasts. Next Monday, our 2026 I-Heart Podcast Awards are happening live in South by Southwest. We'll honor the very best in podcasting from the past year, and celebrate the most

innovative talent and creators in the industry. And the winner is... Creativity, knowledge, and passion will all be unfolded display. Thank you so much. I-Heart Radio. Thank you to all the other nominees. You guys are awesome. Watch live next Monday at 8pm Eastern 5pm Pacific free at feeps.com or the Veeps app. I'm Clayton Eckerd, and in 2022, I was the lead of ABC's The Bachelor.

Unfortunately, it didn't go according to plan. He became the first bachelor to ever have his final

Rose rejected. The internet turned on him. If I could press a button and rewind it all I would.

“But what happened to Clayton after the show made even bigger headlines?”

It began as a one-night stand, and ended in a courtroom, with Clayton at the center of a very strange paternity scandal. The media is here. This case has gone viral. The dating contract. A great adatement, but I'm also so suing you. Please search for it. This is unlike anything I've ever seen before. I'm Stephanie Young. This is Love Trap. This season, an epic battle of he said she said, and the search for accountability in a sea of lies.

"I am done nothing to get pregnant by the **** Brassler!" Listen to Love Trap on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Ego Wona is your host for the 2026 iHeart Podcast Awards, live at South by Southwest. Hello, is anybody there? Raised by a single mom. Ego may have a few father-related issues.

Are we supposed to talk about your day? From her podcast, Thanks Dad, it's full of funny heartfelt conversations with actors, including fellow SNL-o-lums, comedians, musicians, and more about life,

“and their wonderfully complicated relationships with their fathers?”

"I think and hope that's a good thing!" Get to know Ego. Follow Thanks Dad with Ego Wona, and start listening on the free iHeart Radio app today.

And releasing our first record in over 10 years.

We talk about what it's taken to grow up in the entertainment industry and stay grounded through every chapter. It's a raw and honest conversation about identity, evolution, and building a life that truly matters. "You desire in family like this picture, and that's not reality, a lot of the time it's for people."

My sister and I don't speak, it's definitely a very painful part of my life, and I hope it's not forever, but it's for right now. "Listen to on purpose with Jay Shetty on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts." The lead prosecutor in the Madame Beauvery case, Ernest P. Now, opened the proceedings, and he talked for a very long time.

He explained early on that that was going to be the case, and why, stating quote, "The difficulty is not in erousing a prejudice. It is far more in explaining the work of which you are to judge." It deals entirely with romance. If it were a newspaper article, which we were bringing before you, it could be seen at once where the fault began, and where it ended. It would simply be read by the ministry and submitted to you for judgment. Here, we are not concerned with a newspaper article,

and is composed of six numbers in the review, Departary 1856.

“What is to be done in such a case? What is the duty of the public ministry? To read the whole romance?”

That is impossible. On the other hand, to read only the incriminating texts would expose us to deep reproach. They could say to us, "If you do not show the case in all its parts, if you pass over that which precedes in that which follows the incriminating passages, it is evident that you wish to suppress the debate by restricting the ground of discussion." In order to avoid this too full difficulty, there is about one course to follow,

and that is to relate to you the whole story of the romance, without reading any of it, or pointing out any incriminating passage. Then, to cite incriminating texts,

and finally to answer the objections that may arise against the general method of indictment.

So, Pinar then began to tell the entire story of Madame Bovery. In an English language translation,

“it took almost 7,000 words, so probably around 50 minutes to an hour when spoken aloud.”

When he was done, he stated that the book glorified adultery and insulted religion. Did not seem to matter to him that Emma Bovery gets serious come up in the book. No moral lesson could validate the offending passages. Pinar then pointed the finger at Flobar and his publisher, quote, "You have before you gentlemen three guilty ones." Monsieur Flobar, the author of the book, Monsieur Pasha, who accepted it,

and Monsieur Peade, who printed it. In this matter, there is no misdemeanor without publicity, and all those concerned in the publicity should be equally blamed. But we hasten to say that the

manager of the review and the printer are only in the second rank. The principal offender is the author,

Monsieur Flobar, Monsieur Flobar, who admonished by a note from his editor, protested against

“the suppression which had been made in his work. The opening of the defense by Flobar's”

attorney, Monsieur Senar, began, quote, "Gentlemen, Monsieur Gustaflober has been accused before you of making a bad book, of having in this book outraged public morals in religion." Monsieur Gustaflober is beside me and affirms before you that he has made an honest book. He affirms before you that the thought in his book from the first line to the last is a moral thought, and that if it were not perverted and you have seen during the last hour,

how great a talent one may have for perverting a thought, it would be and will become again presently for you as it has been already for the readers of the book, and eminently moral and religious thought capable of being translated into these words. The excitation of virtue through the horror of vice. The rest of the defense invoked the good name of the Flobar family, and Gustaf's serious and thoughtful nature. But it also managed to get some misogyny into the mix

by showing that Flobar was warning against women trying to rise above their station in life. Quote, "I have here stated that Monsieur Flobar wished to paint a woman who instead of trying to adapt herself to the conditions in which she was placed to her position and her birth, instead of seeking to make herself a part of the life to which she belonged, was occupied with a thousand foreign aspirations drawn from an education too far above her.

Instead of accommodating herself to the duties of her position, of being the tranquil wife of a country doctor with whom she should pass her days, in place of seeking her happiness and her house and her marriage, the thought it in terminable fancies." In case it's not obvious from that passage, what he's getting at is, this is a woman who had a little too much education and that's dangerous.

Yeah, she should not have wanted things. Don't want things, don't learn things that might make you want a life other than your own. Senard insisted on reading the portion of the story that had been cut by the editors. If you've read the book, you know which one this is. It's a scene in which Madame Bovery and her lover are having a clandestine sexual meeting. In a carriage, as the driver is instructed to continue to drive around.

And this particular passage she wanted to read because it concludes with the line, quote, "In her heart, she felt already that cowardly docility that is for some women at once the chastisement and atonement of adultery. And senard drew attention to that line." One of the reasons this is so funny to me is that when I was in college and we studied this book,

Yeah, and so the professor read it out loud to us dramatically in toning the important bits.

“Yeah, we similar, but I read it in high school. And I don't remember whether it was”

me or one of my friends that was trying to explain it to kids that were not getting it. That was like, if this carriage is a rocket, right? Yeah. So the defense also appealed to the court on the basis of the way Charles Bovery is represented in the book's "Dain You Mall." The clearing quote, "There is not a man who having read this would not say that Monsieur Flibbert is not only a great artist but a man of heart. For having in the last six pages turned all the horror and scorn upon

the woman and all the interest towards the husband." He is a great artist, as has been said, because he has left the husband as he was. He has not transformed him, and to the end, he is the same good man, commonplace, mediocre, full of the duties of his profession, loving his wife well, but destitute of education or elevation of thought. He is the same at the deathbed of his wife, and nevertheless, there is not an individual to whom the memory

returns with more interest. Why? Because he has kept to the end, his simplicity, and uprightness of heart. Because to the end, he has fulfilled his duty while his wife was led astray.

“So here's the important point that I would just personally like to make regarding the way this book”

was both attacked and defended, because it's always made me a little bit I read.

"All of the firestorm around it, regarding morality, was based on the idea that the wife of an upstanding husband would dare to commit adultery." There is never, ever introduced in any of this discussion, any moral red flag regarding the male characters who were perfectly happy to seduce him a bovary, even though they knew she was married, and in fact had social relationships with her husband. All of the blame and shame is given to the woman, Madame Bovary.

Though the court proceedings were brief, Flubar and his publisher waited a week for the verdict. It's lengthy, we're not going to try to read the whole thing, but the ending reads, quote,

“"be it known." That the work of which Flubar is the author is a work which appears to be”

long and seriously elaborated, from a literary point of view as a study of character, that the passages coming under the ordinance of for dismissal as reprehensible as they may be, are few in number as compared with the extent of the work that these passages, either in the ideas they expose or in the situations they represent, bring out as a whole the characters which the author wished to paint, although exaggerated and impregnated with a

vulgar realism often shocking. That Gustav Flubar affirms his respect for good manners and all that attaches itself to religious morals. That it does not appear that his book has been written like certain other books with the sole aim of giving satisfaction to the sensual passions, to a spirit of license and debauch or of ridiculing things which would be held in the respect of all. That he has done wrong only in losing sight of the rules, which every writer who

respects himself ought never to lose sight of or forget. That literature, like art, in order to

accomplish the good which it is expected to produce, ought only to be chased and pure in its form and expression. In the circumstances be it known that it is not sufficiently proven that Peshak Gustav Flubar and Pile are guilty of the misdemeanor with which they are charged. The court acquits them of the indictment brought against them and decrees a dismissal without costs. So the court had as Flubar predicted found him innocent. Madam Bovery was printed as a

two-volume novel just a few months later in April of 1857 and it was an instant best seller.

Had the French government not accused Flubar of immorality, it probably never would have

gained that level of popularity. Following on the runaway success of Madam Bovery, Flubar turned back to his project, the temptation of St. Anthony. But as one of the main points of the novel was a saint tempted by sexual desire he reconsidered he did that want to risk another trial. So he then moved on to working on a historical novel and this story titled Salambo,

This was based vaguely on the writings of the Greek historian Polybius but Flubar created

“fictional characters and a fictional story that sort of dropped into that historical information.”

He wasn't rewriting it as a fiction. This book published in 1862 benefited from the attention that Madam Bovery had drawn to Gustav Flubar's name and while it was very different in tone, it was also a best seller, although it did get some critique, some of which was hilarious that was regarding its historical accuracy. But the years in which he was writing Salambo Gustav once again had some serious health problems. He had a number of seizures and during some of

these he injured himself as his body collapsed and he hit the ground without a cushion. So he actually

had injuries to his head and his arms. In 1870 Flubar finally published Le Du Castillon's

sentimental, but it was not the success that Bovery was. After having worked on it over the course

“of decades, he was just completely deflated by its poor reception. And that same year during”

France's conflict with Prussia, Flubar who was not in great health was conscripted as lieutenant in the Rouen home guard. As things went very poorly for France in this conflict, Flubar had Prussian soldiers billeted in his home as 1870 ended and they stayed there all the way up until spring of 1871. The writer did not stay at his home during this time. He went to dip where he lived with his then adult niece. This was merely the beginning of a very rough period for Flubar.

In 1872 his mother died. It was expected that he would inherit the quasi home, but his mother had as the surprise to everyone, wield it instead to his niece Caroline. And Caroline allowed him to remain in the home, but that was not an automatic situation. It took a whole lot of discussion

“to settle the matter to the point where that was okay. In 1874 he published the temptation of St.”

Anthony. This was yet another instance of a book that he wrote many times in different versions before he was happy enough with it to publish it. It was inspired by a visit to Italy in which he saw one of the many paintings of this biblical story. His earliest version of it actually began in the late 1930s before he saw the painting. At that time he was endeavoring to create a fausty and novel for then he incorporated that work into his St. Anthony story in the late 1840s.

Then he put it aside. That was the novel that his friends had mocked when they were all traveling together in 1849. He didn't revisit it until the late 1850s when he wrote a third version. And then finally he went back a fourth time and landed at the one that he published in the 1870s. These evolutions reflected Flubar's changing attitudes toward religion and science. Yeah, one of those times was the moment Tracy mentioned earlier where after Madame Beaufort,

he was like, "I'm going to go back to St. Anthony." Wait, no, that will really get me arrested. In his later years, Flubar really struggled financially. He had used up his personal fortune to help Caroline's husband Ernest Comovia get out of debt when his company failed.

This was a lot of money. It has been reported to have been close to a million francs. So a very

serious Flubar had had to sell off a lot of real estate to make up that amount of money. And the whole thing had left him without enough money personally to keep his home cross-say, he did when it was cold. So in the winter, he moved to Paris. To try to generate income, he turned to one of his oldest pieces of writing, and that was his catalog of cliches. This was eventually reworked into a novel titled "Boovar and Piccouchey"

about two clerks who come into money and move to the country to retire and indulge their curiosity with experiments in various endeavors. While they know plenty of axioms and popular ideas about

the workings of the world, they lack the judgment and critical thinking to actually do or

understand anything with any debt. Their experiments in farming, gardening, medicine, and science are all failures, and eventually they go back to clerking. This is a satire on pretence and the middle class, but in a way that shows that the author actually has a great deal of love for these bumbling protagonists. That list of cliches, he started as a teenager, came in handy, because he could just slot those right in. While he was working on Boovar and Piccouchey, Flubar published

instead, he paused working on that and published a trio of short stories, was hoping that that

in the spring of 1877, and after that he immediately returned to work on Boovar and Piccouchey.

“Flubar was back at Clessa for the warmer months in the spring of 1880. On April 20th, he wrote to his”

niece quote 10 days from now, "Well, I've reached the point I'd like to attain before leaving my dear old Clessa, I doubt it, and when will the book be finished?" That's the question. If it's to appear in winter, I haven't a minute to lose between now and then, but there are moments when I feel I'm liquifying, like an old camembert, I'm so tired. And 10 days later, on May 8th, Flubar suddenly died. He was literally in the middle of a page of writing when he had a stroke.

He was working on Boovar and Piccouchey. It was not finished. He was buried in Ruam. This unfinished novel was published the following year. The reviews were not great, and debates and analysis about how critics interpreted the work versus what the writer intended with it continued all the way to today. I can't wait for Friday discussion. Okay, but in the meantime,

“I have a cool sewing email. I'm so excited. I love a little sewing email. This is from”

our listener Barbara, who writes hello Holly and Tracy. I've been listening for years, and usually can listen to two episodes during my commute, one on the way in and one on the way home. However, I currently have a backlog, as I was off for maternity leave and I'm slowly making my way through. Congratulations, by the way. The new to me, two-partner about paper patterns inspired me to write in. When I lived in Congo, wax print fabric, the history of which would

make a great episode, was commonly given as presents for birthdays, weddings, women's day, very popular, etc. But also different communities would create special prints for events. For example, the anniversary of a church, university, or other organization. Women and men who were part of the community would have outfits made from the special fabric for this event. I have many outfits for my years of living there and all were made for me by various

tailors, could you hear, since they were called. These women would come to my house, take my measurements, and I would show them a picture of what style I wanted. About a week later, they would come back with an outfit that would then get fitted and adjusted. Within two weeks, or sometimes less, I had a completely customized garment. I didn't fully appreciate the skill that it took to make a garment based off a photo with no pattern, but now I'm in awe and incredibly

grateful for my beautiful clothes. I also wish them more of them fit me, but postpartum, plus an American diet, means that I have to admire many of them as they hang in my closet instead of wearing them out. My husband is Congolese, and my in-laws have continued to give me various bolts of fabric, so now that we have a baby, I've been wanting to make some customized clothes for

him to represent his heritage. However, I have basic sewing skills and a second-hand machine that I haven't

figured out how to thread yet, so it'll be a minute before that happens. Anyway, thanks for the entertainment on the ride and the inspiration to break out the sewing machine. And then include some cool potential future episodes, and writes, "Thanks for all you doing, helping shed light on some little known but fascinating topics all the best Barbara. I love everything about the seatmail. I love the idea of like community fabric designs. I love the idea of custom designs.

Custom fabric prints made for given events. I love to design fabrics, so this is one of my favorite topics in the whole world. And I love love, Barbara, that you are starting to delve into sewing

“yourself. Listen, I have great news. Sewing is not secret. You can learn all these things. It might”

take time in patience, but you'll learn and you'll get better and better. And then your kid will

have amazing clothes. And I can't wait. And I hope as you develop as a stitcher you share some of

those pictures of some of those projects with us. Also, Ditto goes for your beautiful clothes that you had made that maybe don't fit anymore. Listen, fabric can get reworked in a lot of interesting ways. I'm just saying, "Once your creativity pops off in this way, then you're in trouble because you owe so many things that you want to do." But I love this so much. And I just, I love the idea of community and marking important events with fabric. Like to me, that's just perfect. Perfect.

So thank you for sharing this with us. Like I said, I want pictures as you go. And if you have any sewing questions, send us another email. I'll help if I can. We absolutely love hearing from our listeners. So if you would like to write to us, you can do so at History Podcast at iahartredio.com. We will have a brand new episode on Monday. You can also expect classic episode tomorrow.

visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

“You know Roll Doll. He thought of Willy Wonka in the BFG. But does you know he was a spy?”

In the new podcast, the secret world of Roll Doll. I'll tell you that story and much, much more. What? You probably won't believe it either.

Was this before you wrote his stories? I must have been. Okay, I don't think that's true.

I'm telling you. Okay, that was a spy. Listen to the secret world of Roll Doll on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Clayton Eckard. In 2022,

“I was the lead of ABC's The Bachelor. But here's the thing. Bachelors fans hated him.”

If I could press a button and rewind it all I would. That's when his life took a disturbing turn.

A one night stand would end in a courtroom. The media is here. This case has gone viral. The dating contract. Agreed to date me, but I'm also suing you. This is unlike anything I've ever seen before. I'm Stephanie Young. Listen to the love trapped on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Next Monday, our 2022 six iHeartPodcast Awards are happening live in South by Southwest. We'll honor the very best in podcasting from the past year and celebrate the most innovative talent and creators in the industry. And the winner is creativity, knowledge and passion. We'll all be on full display. Thank you so much, iHeartRadio. Thank you to all the other nominees. You guys are awesome. Watch live next Monday at 8 p.m. Eastern 5 p.m. Pacific free

at feeps.com or the Veeps app. Talk about your dad. Her podcast, thanks dad. It's full of funny heartfelt conversations with actors, including fellow SNL alums, comedians, musicians, and more about life and their wonderfully

“complicated relationships with their fathers. I think and hope that's a good thing. Get to know”

ego. Follow thanks dad with ego. Adam and start listening on the free iHeartRadio app today. This picture, and that's not reality. My sister and I don't speak, definitely a very painful part of my life. And i hope it's not forever. But it's for right now. Listen to on purpose with Jay Shetty on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. This isn't iHeartPodcast. Guaranteed human.